The First Challenge For Australian Foreign Policy

The first challenge for Australian foreign policy is to maximize the economic and security opportunities by maintaining their relationship with Indonesia and ASEAN. In the case with Indonesia, Indonesia is one of Australia’s closest friends as the two countries share strong security and economic system. In terms of politics, Indonesia is essential to Australia because Indonesia plays a key role in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations so a steady relationship with Indonesia is required for a cohesive and productive relationship with ASEAN. Moreover, Indonesia is the most important country in Southeast Asia with one of the most powerful military forces in the region. Therefore, Indonesia already controls and wants to improve its effect over ASEAN. According to researches, Indonesian motives for improving its role as regional peacekeeper have been revealed in recent perspectives by the general of the Indonesia’s military, who stated, Indonesian motives of playing a à ¢â‚¬Ëœbig brother’ role with the respect to security in ASEAN and in the region (Tiernan, 2007). Meanwhile, Australia has recognized the significance of ASEAN in assuring Australia’s foreign regional and domestic security. There are certain institutions such as the East Asia Summit and ASEAN Regional Forum (Harvey, 2015). In recent years, Australia has worked robustly with the EAS to ensure its security and interests are protected. In return, the EAS has not only supported in regional security but it also hasShow MoreRelatedAustralia: The Foreign Policy of the Hawke-Keating Government1501 Words   |  7 Pages The paradigm shift of Australian foreign policy from reliance on security through ‘‘great and powerful friends’’ towards the formation and strengthening of diplomatic and cultural relations with the Asia-Pacific region began arguably under the Whitlam government and has since become the predominant focus of foreign policy for both major parties. As a result, there exists a latent similarity in the foreign policy of successive Australian governments across the last 40 years that becomes more pronouncedRead MoreBank of China: Chinese Central Bank861 Words   |  4 PagesKong Stock Exchange and Shanghai Stock Exchange in June and July 2006 respectively, becoming the first Chinese commercial bank to launch an A-Share and H-Share initial public offering and achieve a dual listing in both markets. As BOC getting success and large market share in China, they are also expanding their market to overseas. This report is a plan for BOC to expand their business in A ustralian market. In addition, this paper is going to design marketing strategies for BOC through analysis theRead MoreThe Growth Of The Australian Economy1546 Words   |  7 Pagesyears, the Australian economic performance is dominated by economic downturns. Recently, Australia facing two crucial issues in their economy, those are increasing budget deficit and houses affordability. In the long term, those two issues can deteriorates the economy. By increasing budget deficit, it affect to a decrease in living standard because the future generation need to pay more tax for paying the debt. As the housing prices goes higher and significantly overvalued, the Australian economy growthRead MoreWho Is Australia s Most Important Ally Today? Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesconsideration a number of factors. Defence, trade, diplomatic and relationships with other countries. This essay will look at why The United States of America (U.S.) is Australia’s strongest Ally. Defence Australia is a British settled colony; nevertheless, Australian forces have fought together with the United States military in every significant conflict since World War I. Australia s US alliance is unquestionably its single most important security relationship. The security relationship between AustraliaRead MoreEssay1043 Words   |  5 Pagesthe housing affordability, first of all, it is crucial to lift the supply of housing as it will release the pressure on the housing price. Nevertheless, the supply of housing is inelastic as it requires an adequate fund, time, approval from the Government. Besides, the housing system is heavily dependent on the private sector. Thus, the Government should provide initiatives for housing providers to shift the supply of houses in the market. 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A recent study (Department of foreign affair and trade, 2014, p.4.) shows that almost half of Australia’s exports came from minerals and fuels with 49.3% in 2013, especially iron and coal. Followed by service exports 17.3 percent and manufacturing exports 12.9 percent. In 2013, two-way trade grew by 3.7% to $647.4 billion. Comprising imports totaling $328.8 billion and exports $318.6Read MoreAustralias Prevalent Air Carriers1353 Words   |  6 PagesQantas Airlines, Ansett, Pacific Blue Airways, Airnorth, and Qantas’ lead competitor Virgin Blue. Qantas is distinctive in that the Group is Australia’s oldest, most recognized, and most on-time carrier. All carriers are facing serious economic challenges from the rising cost of labor and fuel, government regulation, and competition between them. In anticipation for such trials, Qantas CEO Alan Joyce launched a five-year plan in 2011 to restructure Qantas’ domestic and international network in additionRead MoreAustralia and the Great Depression1704 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome one of the hardest hit countries of the depression, why Australias economic policies were inadequate to help the Australian economy recover, and finally look at why Australias large foreign debt caused it to suffer so gravely from the depression. The export based economy was one of the main reasons why Australia was hit so hard during the Great Depression, and was the reason why Australia was the one of the first countries to go into the depression. The main burden is being borne by the growingRead MoreAustralian National Security Statement Analysis Essay3571 Words   |  15 Pagesrobust national security policy. The challenge Australia faces is defining our national security priorities in today’s globalised world and creating a national security architecture for the 21st century that can enable the Australian Intelligence Communities (AIC) to adequately protect Australia and Australian interests. In order to combat the increasing aspects of asymmetric and transnational threats the Australian Government needed to implement a National Security Policy (NSP) that is effective

Making Cyberbullying a Criminal Offense - 695 Words

â€Å"Even in death, Phoebe Prince was bullied† (Kennedy). That was the headline when a FaceBook page dedicated to Prince was hacked and filled with hurtful and derogatory comments about her. Phoebe was a regular teen that was cyber bullied to the extent that she couldn’t take it anymore. Her body was found in a stairwell, and at 15 years old, Phoebe hanged herself. Although cyberbullying is a vague concept to many, it should be made a criminal offense because it is causing suicides for youth, government intervention is the only solution, and the bully should be punished instead of the victim. Being a recent issue, cyberbullying has seriously been taken for granted by society. Not only is it real and hurtful, but it is also leading to suicide as a result, especially for youth. From a survey taken by the Cyberbullying Research Center, 20% of around 2000 respondents reported seriously thinking about attempting suicide, and 19% did (Hinduja/Patchin). This means that one out of every five kids has been cyber bullied to such an extreme that life is no longer considered livable, or even bearable. One of these kids was Ryan Patrick Halligan, a regular teen living in Essex Junction, Vermont (Halligan). Unfortunately, he was repeatedly sent instant messages from his classmates accusing him of being gay, and was threatened, taunted, and insulted relentlessly. On October 7, 2003, at the age of 13, Ryan hanged himself while his family was asleep. The internet can humiliate and tip a personShow MoreRelatedShould Cyberbullying Be a Crime? Essay examples1208 Words   |  5 Pagesknown a s ‘cyberbullying’. Cyberbullying is defined as, â€Å"an aggressive intentional act carried out by a group or individual using electronic forms of contact repeatedly and over against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself† (WebMD). It can take place using cell phones, computers, tablets, social media sites, text messaging, and/or chat rooms. Cyberbullying has become a growing awareness nationwide, prompting lawmakers to act and propose new laws making cyberbullying a criminal offense. SeveralRead MoreShould Cyber Bullies Be Prosecuted?939 Words   |  4 PagesBullies Be Prosecuted? Sticks and Stones may break your bones but words never hurt, but in reality, words cut deep. Cyberbullying is on the rise and more people are taking their lives due to another person(s) choice of words and actions. Someone has to take a stand against it, cyberbullies should be prosecuted. It has become a bigger issue than face to face bullying. Cyberbullying is permanent and inescapable as technology progresses with time it lasts forever. They way that social media networksRead MoreSetting Up Laws for Cyberbullying Essay793 Words   |  4 Pageswords, right? These few sentences from the movie Cyberbully could be someone’s last few words. Cyberbullying is the inappropriate use of electronic communication to bully a person through text messages, rumors, pictures, fake profiles etc. on social networking sites. Cyberbullying should have specific laws against it. If all abuse is illegal and against the laws, then why is cyberbullying not? Cyberbullying is equivalent to the effects of traditional bullying because it causes pain, whether emotionalRead MorePros And Cons Of Cyberbullying1180 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction â€Å"You are a loser†, â€Å"no one likes you†, â€Å"you have no friends†. Sending mean messages such as these through text, or email, spreading rumors or posting embarrassing pictures, videos, or fake profiles are all examples of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place using electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets as well as communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites (U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesRead MoreCyber Bullying Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesprompted calls for tougher laws and school sanctions, but the poll shows the huge challenge in establishing clear definitions and punishments for cyber bullying. Schools should consider those different opinions to avoid having to put teens in the criminal justice system for behavior that is hard to define and enforce consistently. Social Problems work : new laws have been implemented and new policies have been advised. The increased pressure for stronger school policy and action to mitigate bullyingRead MoreCyberbullying through Social Media and the Internet1134 Words   |  4 PagesCyberbullying has become extremely detrimental as social media and the internet have become more and more popular. People use the internet to viciously attack others from behind a screen. They sometimes even do it anonymously which can be more hurtful for the victims who do not know who their attacker is. Bullies often consider cyberbullying to be harmless and don’t realize that they can still get caught. Just like other types of bullying, many people notice it but never say anything and the victimsRead MoreOnline Bullying Is Still Bullying?1687 Words   |  7 Pagesthe time it is only addresses physical, verbal and relational bullying. Cyberbullying is often forgotten, especially if a school is not up to date on all th e different types of social media that it can occur on. We learn a lot of about cyberbullying and how all the posts you share are viewed by hundreds of people from Orenstein’s essay in Rereading America. Many schools in the United States have attempted to stop cyberbullying but are having trouble because most parents do not know how much harmRead MoreBullying Has Been A Big Problem In Our School System For1745 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology made it very easy to engage in cyberbullying, perpetrators used cell phones or computers to conduct this hideous behavior, hiding behind their keyboards to express negative feelings and or thoughts toward others. Using social media for senseless and unwarranted insults to intentionally cause harm and emotional pain. According to the Pew Research Center, approximately ninety-two percent of Americans own a cell phone, therefore, there are no escaping cyberbullying, due to the proliferation of theRead MoreThe Social Communication Era1478 Words   |  6 Pagestoday by adults, teenagers and child ren. These far-reaching interaction web-based media, embeds the unethical act of cyberbullying. According to Michael J. Quinn (2012), â€Å"Cyberbullying is the use of the Internet or the phone system to inflict psychological harm on another person. Frequently, a group of persons gangs up to cyberbully the victim.† (pg141). Examples of cyberbullying include mean text messages or emails, rumors sent by email or posted on social networking sites, embarrassing picturesRead MoreYouth Gang Prevention Efforts : A Two Pronged Prevention843 Words   |  4 Pagesgang hotlines to gather information and facilitate a quick response to gang-related issues. Organizing athletic events with teams of law enforcement officers and gang members. Establishing working relationships with local social service agencies. Making presentations about gangs to schools and community groups as a combined effort at prevention and information gathering. Sponsoring school-based gang and drug prevention progra ms (e.g. DARE and GREAT)† (Hess, 2013 p.230). Another great example of

Health Care Communication Methods Essay Free Essays

Communication Coordinators manage their company’s communicating schemes. This includes internal ( coworkers ) and external ( public ) communicating methods. They are in charge of let go ofing information and reacting to any enquiries sing the information. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Communication Methods Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Communication Coordinators besides manage event planning. communicating budgets. and societal media mercantile establishments. For this paper. I will presume the function of Communications Coordinator for a national drug maker named â€Å"Pharmaco† . One of our medicines at Pharmaco has late been reported to do important negative effects among those prescribed. The medical specialty known as â€Å"Olaz† is prescribed to a big figure of people. To do affairs worse. there have been studies that a well-known public figure is counted amongst the accomplished. Negative feedback from this figure could take down the public sentiment of Pharmaco and damage the company’s credibleness. As Communications Coordinator. I am tasked with the duty of turn toing intelligence studies and the general public sing the state of affairs. Communication comes in a assortment of signifiers including traditional. electronic. and societal media. These signifiers all have their advantages and disadvantages. Each signifier must besides adhere to regulations and ordinances such as the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act ( HIPAA ) . Traditional media encompasses a broad scope of communicating mediums. This includes newspapers. magazines. out-of-door hoardings. direct mail. wireless. and telecasting. Most of the population will at least encounter one of these mediums during their twenty-four hours. Traditional media is advantageous because all of the mediums are one manner signifiers of communicating. This would give Pharmaco the ability to direct a message to the populace. without holding to reply any inquiries instantly. While public interaction is inevitable. traditional media would let clip mediate bringing and feedback. This would give Pharmaco clip to roll up and fix for public interaction. With traditi onal media it would besides be reasonably easy to adhere to HIPAA ordinances because all the information delivered is scripted. Pharmaco would hold plentifulness of clip to reexamine the information and cheque for mistakes. This reduces the possibility of giving private information to the populace. The disadvantage of traditional media is closely related to its advantages. Time mediate bringing and feedback can be dearly-won. During this clip the populace could utilize other signifiers of media to discourse Pharmaco. Without the ability to support itself. negative public sentiment could increase. This in bend brings us to our following media type. Electronic media is a more advanced signifier of communicating compared to traditional. It is besides more synergistic than traditional media. The most common signifier of electronic or â€Å"digital† media. is the cyberspace. The cyberspace is frequently utilised likewise to traditional media. Electronic media is advantageous because of the of all time turning popularity and use of the cyberspace. Peoples are now accessing the cyberspace in the place through a aggressive scope of games consoles and Wi-Fi enabled tablets. smartphones and laptops. giving rise to a tendency of â€Å"multi-screening† ( Internet Usage on Rise. 2014 ) . Airing information with electronic media would widen Pharmaco’s audience. More people could be reached. Plus. it would be easy to maintain information updated. Of class. it should be remembered that this type of media allows the populace to be more synergistic. Pharmaco must be cognizant of those who use computing machines to roll up private stuff ; hackers. We can make our ain web site that will let us to interact with the populace. nevertheless there is a possible for hackers who would take at stealing our private information. They could even pull strings our site into giving out wrong information. Furthermore. suppliers are capable to far more strict guidelines when patient history information is in electronic signifier ( HIPAA Compliance. 2003 ) . If we choose to utilize electronic media. it will be imperative to protect private information. This manner we can stay by HIPAA ordinances. If Pharmaco’s web site is compromised. so there is the possibility that patient i nformation could be every bit good. Pharmaco should besides see societal media. Social media is interaction between the populace that takes topographic point in practical communities or webs. Two of the largest used societal media web sites on the cyberspace are Facebook and Twitter. Both of the mediums allow users to remain in changeless connexion with one another. With societal media Pharmaco would non hold to worry about digital storage of its information. Everything we would desire to show would be stored on person else’s web. Social media would besides let us to remain in changeless contact with those that â€Å"follow† or â€Å"subscribe† to us. This is advantageous because it would give us the ability to immediately turn to public concerns. Coincidentally. the disadvantage of societal media is the demand for changeless reviewing and updating. Furthermore. as with all signifiers of media. HIPAA ordinances must be kept in head. If we choose to utilize societal media. HIPAA conformity must be addressed so that our company does non perpetrate a misdemeanor. Patients should understand that personal wellness information should ne’er be posted. Sing all the information that has been reviewed. I suggest that Pharmaco utilize traditional and societal media. First and first. the public needs to be addressed. A statement should be given to the imperativeness. The statement should allow the populace know that we are cognizant of the studies. It should besides incorporate a sincere apology to all those who affected by our medicine. The message should besides inform the populace that we are making all we can to rectify the state of affairs. We should besides hold a forum where the populace can travel to inquire inquiries. This is where I suggest societal media. I believe Twitter would be the best manner to travel about this. Twitter would let us to be brief and remain in changeless connexion with the populace. It’s of import for the populace to experience as if we are ever available. I besides think it is best non to hold a agency of personal electronic media ( web site ) . All the information that could be related on our web site can be merely as easy relayed on societal media. Furthermore. I find it good to non air a public reference ( I. P. reference ) . This would merely move as a gateway for a system that would finally be connected to our patient wellness records. With societal media cardinal staff should be selected to function as the program’s page decision makers ; these people will be the gatekeepers for entree to the program’s page ( Walters-Salas. E. . 2012 ) . I besides suggest that updates merely be done twice or three times a twenty-four hours. This will let us to command the conversation. instead than being continuously dominated by the populace. Plus. it will let page administrators the clip to execute their normal undertakings. In respects to the well-known public figure. we should non advert them in any of our communications. Patient information is private for everyone. We besides don’t want to look prejudice or more concerned with a individual person’s status. Our messages should invariably turn to those affected as a corporate whole. I believe that this scheme is the best manner to turn to this issue. I have identified the advantages and disadvantages of traditional. electronic. and societal media. Private information and HIPAA ordinances have besides been addressed. My grounds for choosing my scheme has besides been stated. This is a delicate scenario and it’s of import that Pharmaco address it suitably. Mentions Bendix. J. . M. A. ( 2013 ) . New HIPAA regulations. Medical Economics. 90 ( 9 ) . 14-16. 18-20. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //search. proquest. com/docview/1370703200? accountid=458 Brown. J. ( 2013 ) . How to get the hang electronic communicating with patients. Medical Economics. 90 ( 7 ) . 60-2. 64-7. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //search. proquest. com/docview/1367086304? accountid=458 Du Pre. A. ( 2004 ) . Communicating About Health ( 2nd ed. ) . Boston. MA: McGraw Hill HIPAA conformity. ( 2003 ) . Corrections Forum. 12 ( 1 ) . 15-16. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //search. proquest. com/docview/214412170? accountid=458 Internet use on rise. ( 2014. Jun 25 ) . The Advocate Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //search. proquest. com/docview/1539432736? accountid=458 Walters-Salas. E. ( 2012 ) . Social media and HIPAA conformity. Bariatric Nursing and Surgical Patient Care. 7 ( 2 ) . 85-86. Department of the Interior: hypertext transfer protocol: //dx. Department of the Interior. org/10. 1089/bar. 2012. 9984 Weinstock. B. ( 2003 ) . HIPAA and computing machine security. PT. 11 ( 7 ) . 30-33. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //search. proquest. com/docview/216821722? accountid=458 Wendling. C. ( 2013 ) . The usage of societal media in hazard and crisis communicating. ( ) . Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //search. proquest. com/docview/1468437071? accountid=458 How to cite Health Care Communication Methods Essay, Essay examples

Food, Inc. Critical Response Essay pathos,ethos,logos free essay sample

Now that you have watched Robert Kenner’s documentary, Food, Inc. , write a clear, well-developed, and well-argued essay in which you first summarize the film and then offer a critical analysis of its effectiveness as a documentary. Your essay should be organized around an original thesis statement that focuses on whether or not you find the documentary effective in the way it presents and supports its central argument. In this essay, you will analyze how Kenner’s documentary supports its arguments about the food industry and whether or not you found it effective. Do not write about whether you liked or disliked the movie. Your essay should support your thesis statement by analyzing 3 different scenes or sequences from the movie. Each part of the body should focus on a different sequence, with one part focusing on an element of logos (logical appeal), one part on an element of pathos (emotional appeal), and another part focusing on an element of ethos (appeals to the author’s credibility or trustworthiness). The body of your essay should analyze how Kenner uses these appeals and whether or not you find them effective (See St. Martin’s Guide, p. 539-43). You may also analyze any logical fallacies you see in the film (See St. Martin’s Guide, p. 620-1). In addition to the film’s script, your analysis should also focus on the visual elements Kenner uses to support his ideas, i. e. video footage, images, charts and graphs, the body language of those being interviewed, etc. For guidance with this essay, we will rely on Ch. 8 in the St. Martin’s Guide to Writing, as well as the pages from Writer’s Reference cited in this handout. It is recommended that you start reading through the chapter as soon as possible. Requirements: Your essay should be 4-6 pages in length, meeting these requirements: 1. Introduction (1/2 Page): Your introduction should identify the title, genre, and director of your primary text (i. e. the film). You should also summarize the film’s main argument. The summary should be written completely in your own words, and it should give your readers an overview of the film’s main points without going into supporting details. There should be no analysis in your summary. Here, you are just informing your readers of what the film is about so that they will understand your argument about it. The summary should be written entirely in your own words with no quotes from the film. (See Writer’s Ref. , p. 72-73). Your summary should build to an original thesis statement in which you state whether or not you think the film’s argument is convincing and explain why you believe that. Your thesis statement should be the last sentence of your introduction. a. Thesis Statement: Your thesis will be your central idea, or major premise, and it will be supported by your analysis of the film in the body paragraphs. In other words, your essay will be organized around your thesis statement. It must be your original idea, written in your own words, and narrowly focused to fit this assignment. It should state the topic of your essay, i. e. your view of the film’s main argument, and your commentary on that topic, i. e. how the film supports that argument, what scenes will you focus on, etc. Your thesis is the most important part of your essay, so it should be written and revised with special care. You should plan to spend at least 2 hours writing the thesis. (See, Writer’s Ref. , p. 16-18 and p. 80-82. ) 2. Body (3-5 pages): The body should discuss 3 main points, or the minor premises, that support your thesis statement. One premise should focus on an emotional element (pathos) of the film; another should focus on a logical element (logos), and the last minor premise should focus on an element of ethos, or how the Kenner establishes credibility or trustworthiness with the audience. Consider these questions, as you develop the body paragraphs: a. Appeals to Ethos : How does the film use appeals to ethos to establish its credibility as a source on the food industry and to gain the audience’s trust? Are these appeals effective? Why or why not? Discuss 1 sequence from the film that that has a strong ethos element. Describe the scene in complete detail, focusing on how the scene’s dialogue and images work together to make this appeal. Finally, discuss how the scene affected you on an ethical level. b. Appeals to Pathos: How does the film appeal to the audience’s emotions? What kind of emotional response is the film trying to evoke? Are these appeals effective? Why or why not? Are they fair, or are they deceptive? Discuss 1 sequence from the film that has a strong pathos element. Describe the scene in complete detail, focusing on how the scene’s dialogue and images work together to make this appeal. Finally, discuss how the scene affected you on an emotional level. c. Appeals to Logos: How does the film use logical appeals to convince the audience of its arguments about the food industry? What types of evidence are used to persuade the audience on a logical level. Are these appeals effective? Why or why not? Discuss 1 sequence from the film that has a strong logos element. Describe the scene in complete detail, focusing on how the scene’s dialogue and images work together to make this appeal. Finally, discuss whether or not you found the scene persuasive from a logical standpoint.

Become a Paid Expert by Writing Op-Eds

Become a Paid Expert Have you ever watched a story on the news and thought to yourself, I wish theyd asked me about that. I could have really told them a thing or two? Most of us are experts on something, and if were writers, most of us end up writing about what we know. We can create a positive feedback loop For instance, I was the first person to write a  book about the Upstairs Lounge fire, a terrible arson which killed 32 people at a gay bar in the French Quarter of New Orleans on Gay Pride Day in 1973. Each year, on the anniversary of the fire, newspapers and websites are interested in covering the tragedy. As an expert, I am often approached Likewise, a news story recently began making the rounds about a twelve-year-old girl who spoke in a Mormon church and revealed she was a lesbian, the bishop cutting off her microphone in the middle of her talk. As most of my fiction deals with gay Mormons, I was again an expert who had something meaningful to say on the incident. I submitted an op-ed to a newspaper in a heavily Mormon area, and my views on the importance of LGBTQ literature as a means of understanding our LGBTQ family, friends, and neighbors was published. Do you have a personal, compelling story about our broken healthcare system and why we need single-payer or some more conservative reform? Do you have a story about domestic violence? Our education system? Immigration? Has your home suffered damage in a fracking-related earthquake? Do you have a personal story involving gun violence that allows you to speak either for or against gun regulation? You do not need a PhD in order to be an expert on at least a tiny part of a major subject that newspapers want to hear about. Only a handful of newspapers pay for op-eds (Newsday, The New York Times, Boston Globe, and The Washington Post are a few), so you wont make a great deal of money writing and selling these pieces. But most papers who do publish your editorial or commentary will ask if you want to put the piece on the wire, meaning other newspapers across the country can pick it up and print it as well. You will get no additional income from this, but it does get you more exposure. Thats a bad word in the publishing industry because it basically means writing for free, but if you do your research and only write for those papers which will in fact pay you for first publication rights, then you get the money and the exposure. Publishing op-eds builds your reputation as an expert on the subjects important to you, and they build your resumà © as well. You will have a more impressive list of publications to add to your author

Save money for the weekend. Perfect strategies

Save money for the weekend. Perfect strategies 5 simple ways to save money on a night out We know that staying up late is a necessary part of student life, but we do not blame you. Having analyzed the perfect party strategy for both undergraduates and seniors, we’ve found out there are ways you can save money and still be able to socialize with friends when Friday comes. Stock up on carbs. If buying expensive food, filled with carbs, is your guilty pleasure, try stocking up on kebabs and burgers beforehand. That hot dog may seem like a good idea once you are at a party, but you do not know the real price of a thing, or whether you really need it at this very moment. You may also want to have a snack right before the party, so you don’t gobble up food once you are there. It is highly inadvisable to sip on your drinks on an empty stomach, as it may cause indigestion later, when you are coming home with your friends and college mates from uni. Prepare food ahead of time. You may want to eat a horse right after you come back from a party, so we recommend a few slices of pizza to be bought beforehand, so you won’t have to wake up your dorm to the sound of fire alarm! Nobody wants to become the guy who is setting the place on fire because he is too tired to make the dinner properly. In case you know you are going to be hungry upon return, stock up on pre-prepared foods the night before. Turn up early. Students don’t have an opportunity to pay high entry fees, so it would be a good move to come to the club when there is no one around. We know it sounds ridiculous to hit the place with only a couple of dudes at the bar, but believe us, you would be really thankful when it’s finally midnight and you have the privilege of paying a reduced price for your entry ticket. Besides, you can always tell your friends it was you who started all the action on the dance floor! Act like a celebrity. If you don’t want to pay for your entry ticket, try to interact with the party headliners and butter them with the promises of a packed dance floor and your crazy friends bringing cash into their pockets. They are usually very careful about maintaining a perfect reputation, so they will definitely sort you out among other students and provide your group with a VIP card to make the evening more pleasurable. There might be some kind of face control at the entrance of the club, so distinguishing a familiar face or two won’t hurt. Set a budget. Though we may have different incomes and side jobs, setting a party budget will help you control the costs and come home early if you hit your credit card maximum. Now, they have prepaid options and mobile applications that allow you to monitor your money waste. Once you reach a certain limit and can spend no more, the program sends a direct message to your phone and you now it’s time to get going. We may sound like helicopter parents now, but checking on your credit card from time to time can save you money and help pay off your student loan in the future. When you are in the center of social life at the university and feel like the heart and soul of the company, it may be hard to observe, but you will certainly thank yourself later, when it’s time to cover the costs and make an annual payment.

Rayong factory of the Simple Shoes Company Essay

Rayong factory of the Simple Shoes Company - Essay Example A Distinguish between basic, ideal and attainable standards and explain how these may be used in the Rayong factory of the Simple Shoes Company. Standard cost is the pre-determined operating cost calculated from Management’s standards of efficient operation and the relevant necessary expenditure. It is used as a basis for price fixation and cost control through variance analysis.Basically, standard cost reflects;oQuantities of material and labor expected to be used;oPrices expected to be paid for materials and labor during the coming year, and,oFactory expenses applicable to production based on efficient performance and practical capacity operation of the factory.Standard costs are used in the following applications:o Planning & Control: Standards provide a benchmark, which serves two purposes – guiding and directing the activities of the firm (planning) and analyzing whether the actual activities are in proper direction (control).oPricing Decisions: Standard cost facil itates decisions as also in decisions involving submission of quotations, replying to tenders etc. Since cost is pre-determined based on acceptable standards efficiency, decision making process is simplified.oVariance Analysis: Identification and measurement of variances from standards is possible with the use of standard costs, with a view to improve performance or to revise standards, whichever is applicable. Management by Exception: By analyzing the variances, the decision maker can focus on significant deviations from standards and take corrective actions. Managers can concentrate on critical areas of activity where variances are reported. Thus, standard costs facilitate control by exception (Accounting Tools 2008). Characteristics of basic standards (AccountingCoach 2008) Particulars Characteristics Period These standards reflect the costs that would have been incurred in a certain past period (i.e. the base period). Change These standards are used for items or costs which are likely to remain constant over a long period. Short run vs. Long run Basic standards are set on a long term basis and are seldom revised. Effect These costs relate to a base year, which is chosen for comparison purposes, like price indices etc. Basic standards do not represent what should be attained in the present period. Suitability Suited only to businesses having a small range of products and long production runs. Comparison of ideal standards and attainable standards (Accountingformanagemt.com 2009) Particulars Ideal Standards Attainable Standards Conditions These represent the level of performance attainable with the ‘best’ or ‘ideal set-up’, i.e. best quality materials at favorable prices, highly skilled labor, best equipments and layout. These represent the level of performance attainable under normal operating conditions, i.e. normal efficiency, normal sales/production volume etc. Efficiency These standards focus on maximum efficiency in utilization of resources, i.e. maximum output with minimum cost These standards focus on the practical attainable efficiency, after considering normal imperfections, i.e. optimization (not minimization) of cost per unit. Attainment These are generally not attainable; hence such standards may not be taken seriously. These are attainable with reasonable effort and hence constitute a good benchmark for control. Disposition o f variances Variances from the ideals would not indicate the extent to which they could have been reasonably and practically avoided. There is no logical method of disposing these variances. Here, variances are deviations from normal expectations. Hence they are disposed on the basis of the policy of the company in this regard. How these may be used in the Rayong factory of the Simple Shoes Company As is obvious from what has been discussed above a basic standard is more of a historical piece of information without much practical relevance for a new set up. Thus, it is advisable that no effort should be spent on setting up basic standards. Instead it would be much more effective if the

Affective Characteristics Of Gifted Students And Meeting Educational Essay

Affective Characteristics Of Gifted Students And Meeting Educational Needs - Essay Example They learn to read at an early age and learn common basic skills more quickly and in a better way than other children. The intellectual complexity of gifted children in combination with their intensity on the emotional front gives them a different outlook towards the world in qualitative terms. Gifted students have greater potential to attain high achievements which is the outcome of combination of unique and complex deep thinking, and intense as well as rich emotions. They are the people who can be considered people with well above average intelligence. This peculiar characteristic of gifted students has significant impact on their life at social, psychological and emotional level as they are different from their age peers. Due to the affective characteristics of gifted students at social and emotional front, it is required on the part of teachers to treat ‘giftedness’ as normal and ensure the social as well as emotional well being of these students (Robert & Davidson, 2005). It is required that these students should be helped to find real intellectual peers so that they can behave normal without introversion and can express themselves without any fear or doubt in their mind to the world. In order to meet educational needs of these students, teachers should adopt appropriate strategies. Overview of intellectually gifted students Intellectually gifted students behave differently from their age peers in terms of learning patterns, behaviour and characteristics related to creativity. For instance, gifted students usually read quickly and widely, have large vocabularies, intense focus and attention, and have the ability to tackle the tasks and assignments given to them in a goal-oriented manner (Reis & Moon, 2004). In regards to the learning characteristics, intellectually gifted children have keen power of observation. They also take enormous pleasure in getting indulged in intellectual activities and prefer reading books and magazines that are meant for the children who are older than them. In terms of perceiving similarities, anomalies or any kind of differences, they are quick in comparison to their age peers. Considering the creative characteristics, these students are fluent thinkers and are quite able to relate ideas as well as generate possibilities. Elaborate thinking, production of new ideas, willingness to tackle complexity and good guessing power are other creative characteristics of intellectually gifted students (Dixon et al, 2012). Emotional sensitivity and intellectual playfulness set them apart from an average student of their age. They have extreme curiosity about ideas, events, objects and situations. Their intellectual complexity makes these students being out of step of the age and intellectual capability of their age peers and classmates. As analytical thinkers, they excel in critical examination of ideas and things happening in front of them. It is necessary to handle these students carefully so that they can tackle their intellectual complexity in an effective way. Affective characteristics of intellectually gifted students Intellectually gifted students have different characteristics related to cognitive characteristics, affective, physical and societal characteristics. Cognitive characteristics are related to thinking, for instance, retaining large amount of information, high level of verbal ability and development of language, high curiosity and varying interests. Affective characteristics are related to feeling in which there is presence of unusual sensitivity to the feelings of others, a high level of self-awareness, a good sense of

Analysis of J.M Barrie's novel Peter Pan Research Paper

Analysis of J.M Barrie's novel Peter Pan - Research Paper Example Peter-Pan to all of us represents a boy who simply refuses to grow-up thereby causing him to face dire consequences. In fact, there is a little â€Å"Peter-Pan â€Å"inside of adults which can easily relate to the challenges faced by the protagonist. It is for this reason that the story itself can be analyzed using a psychological approach in relation with â€Å"Peter Pan Syndrome†. Although this syndrome is not yet recognized as a personality disorder or a psychological problem, a professor of of the Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment of the University of Granada and an expert in emotional disorders- Humbelina Robles Ortega argues that there is a probability that parents who are overprotective of their children can produce this syndrome in their children ( ScienceDaily, 2007). Ortega characterized the disorder by: â€Å" inability of individuals to take on responsibilities, to commit themselves or to keep promises, excessive care about the way they look and personal well-being and their lack of self-confidence, even though they don’t seem to show it and actually come across as exactly the opposite† ( Science Daily, 2007). It can be inferred then from the given symptoms that person who has these characteristics are immature since they haven’t developed the emotional stability to discipline themselves. In view of this, the paper analyzes the elements of the famous fairytale by J.M. Barrie which uses conflicting concepts such as aging and youthfulness, enchantment and reality, as well as the eternal struggle between good and evil to present the theme of immaturity. In the story Peter Pan, Peter is granted eternal youth as he resides in Neverland. He is given this ability by â€Å"forgetting his adventures and what he learns about the real world†. Peter may not be able to age physically while living in Neverland but the time of his existence still lingers on. He still has yet to lose his baby

An Introduction To Diabetes Mellitus

An Introduction To Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus was recognized as early as 1500 B.C. by Egyptian Physicians, who described it as a disease associated with the passage of much urine. The term diabetes (the Greek for Siphon) was coined by the Greek Physician Aretaeus the Cappadocian around A.D.2. In 1674 a physician named Willis coined the term Diabetes Mellitus (from the Greek word for Honey).1, 2 Diabetes mellitus is a complex syndrome that affects multiple organ systems. It is now clear that diabetes is a heterogeneous group of disorders that are elicited secondary to various genetic predispositions and precipitating factors.3 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is characterized by disorders in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Its central disturbance appears to involve an abnormality either in the secretion of or effects produced by insulin although other factors also may be involved.4 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which carbohydrate metabolism is reduced while that of proteins and lipids is increased.5 The external secretion of the pancreas is digestive in function and the intestinal secretions play a major role in the regulation of metabolism. The hormones which regulate the level of blood sugar are mainly two; glucagon from the alpha-cells and insulin from the beta-cells of the islets of langerhans.6 Glipizide is 200 times more potent than tolbutamide in evoking pancreatic secretion of insulin. It differs from other oral hypoglycemic drugs where in tolerance to this action apparently does not occur.9 It also upregulates insulin receptors in the periphery, which seems to be the primary action. It has a special status in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus because it is effective in many cases which are resistant to all other oral hypoglycemic drugs. It differs from other oral hypoglycemic drugs ie more effective during eating than during fasting. Over the year controlled drug delivery technology has a wide advances. Due to its high potential a bioadhesive system place a major role in controlling drug release. Mucoadhesive system prolong the residence time of the dosage form at the site of application or absorption and facilitate an therapeutic performance of the drug. Recent interest has been expressed in the delivery of drug via mucus membrane by the use of adhesive materials on which studies are been intensively undertaken.58 Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic drug, belonging to the sulphonylurea group. Presently the drug is marketed in conventional dosage form of tablet in usual strength of 2.5 to 20 mg. When the drug is administered by this route, about 50% of drug is metabolized in the liver to the several inactive metabolites. Hence there is need of the alternative route administration to avoid first pass hepatic metabolism.7 More over the combination of anti-diabetic drugs with NSAIDS are not available in market. Physicochemical properties of this drug like small dose, lipophilicity, stability at buccal pH, odourlessness, tastelessness, low molecular weight etc. makes it an ideal candidate for administration by buccal route. For hydrophilic substances, the rate of absorption is a function of the molecular size. Small molecules (

Physician Assisted Suicide in America Essay -- Euthanasia Essays

Anyone suffering from a terminal illness or has watched a family member or close friend suffer, probably believes in the Death with Dignity Act. According to the state of Oregon, (Oregon Death with Dignity Act Records & Reports†) â€Å"on October 27, 1997 Oregon enacted the Death with Dignity Act which allows terminally-ill Oregonians to end their lives through voluntary self-administration of lethal medications, expressly prescribed by a physician for that purpose. The Oregon Death with Dignity Act requires the Oregon Department of Human Services to collect information about the patients and physicians who participate in the Act, and publish an annual statistical report.† The fear and uncertainty of what happens after death will usually weigh heavily on a patient’s decision to terminate his or her life. It is a choice that should be left to the patient; however, if the patient is unable to communicate, the decision left the next of kin or guardian. Some politicians, religious fanatics and pro-life activists would argue that physician assisted suicide violates the Hippocratic Oath, but most of these people never suffered the pain and indignity of dying slowly. Between 1997 and 2007 at least 292 (Fogarty) people have ended their own life under the Oregon Death with Dignity Act. People have protested the decision of allowing assisted suicide in most states and foreign countries that have considered legalizing it. The Hippocratic Oath states (â€Å"Oath and Law of Hippocrates†) that doctors will not administer or suggest the use of deadly drugs even if a patient asks for them. All doctors must take the oath swearing to practice medicine ethically. Doctors that dishonor the oath aren’t generally punished unless they break the law. The most ... ... one day will, be up to that person. Works Cited Oregon Death with Dignity Act Records & Reports. , Web. 6 Dec 2010. Fogarty, Collin. "Oregon's Death With Dignity Law Turns 10." October 24, 2007. Web. 6 Dec 2010. "Oath and Law of Hippocrates." Harvard Classics. 38. P.F. Collier and son, 1910. Web. December 6, 2010. "Jack Kevorkian." NNBD Profile. Web. 6 Dec 2010. Matthew, Merill. †¢"Would Physician-Assisted Suicide Save the Healthcare System Money?," Physician Assisted Suicide: Expanding the Debate. 1998. Print. Popik, Jennifer. "Terminally Ill Oregon Patients Denied Treatment but Reminded They Can Choose Physician-Assisted Suicie."." PRL News July 2008, 35: 24. Print. "Why Living Wills/Advance Directives Are an Essential Part of Estate Planning," Journal of Financial Service Professionals. Sep. 2005. Web. December 6, 2010.

Accounting Principles and Health Care Essay

There are no formal accounting principles that apply to health care. However, there are five generally accepted guiding principles used in the management of the financial aspects of health care management (Cleverly, Song & Cleverly, 2011). Understanding the five guiding principles are important in understanding financial information and managerial accounting and how the principles relate to health care (Cleverly et. al. ). The five principles include, accounting entity, money measurement, duality, cost valuation, and stable monetary unit. Each principle and how it relates to health care is discussed in the following (Cleverly et. al. ). Accounting Entity An accounting entity is the business or corporation that performs clear economic activities, separate from any personal economic endeavors (Accounting Tools, 2010). An accounting entity requires financial records that define financial activities (Cleverly et. al. ). In health care, accounting entities can be hospitals, clinics, or other entities that are part of a larger corporation. See more: Social process essay Accounting is geared to measure and report the financial activities of the entities under consideration. Money Measurement Money Measurement is very simply, a way to keep count and records of the incoming and outgoing revenue of the accounting entity. This is not an easy task and involves consideration of various issues (Cleverly et. al. ). Resources and liabilities have to be considered and calculated to determine accurate money measurement. Resources are also referred to as assets. Scarce resources are things, supplies, money, and other things or resources that are needed by the company in order to generate money. These resources are limited and necessary to the entities operation (Cleverly et. al. ). This may include nursing staff for heath care organizations. Other scarce resources for health care organizations may include buildings, many different kinds of medical supplies, medications, and other supplies to care for patients and maintain the organization. Assets are the resources that the organization has and the money generated. Liabilities are resources that are owed for services, supplies and other things that the organization has acquired. The ideal goal of any business is for the assets to be greater than the liabilities (Cleverly et. al. ). Duality Duality is a simple mathematical equation or rather, it seems simple. The equation states, â€Å"The value of assets must always equal the combined value of liabilities and residual interest, which we have called net assets. † (Cleverly et. al. pg. 185 para. 1) This requires balancing reports about changes in either side of the equation. In health care, for instance, changes such as buying supplies, receiving payment for services, or paying the electric bill are all transactions that require balancing the books, so to speak, so that the equation is still equal. Cost Valuation Cost Valuation can be defined as choosing the right price for services, supplies and other things of value (Hutton, 2005). Choosing the right price may be based on the history of what the entity has paid that is reflected by money measurement or may be based on other measures of what a cost should be (Cleverly et. al. . Market value is a way to assess a cost value. This seems to be favorite way with many organizations. This method is not considered objective, however and can provide different opinions on what an item is worth, making costing difficult (Cleverly et. al. ). Replacement value is another way of choosing the right price. This gives the cost of how much money it would take to replace an item or service (Cleverly et. al. ). In health care for instance, when costing an expensive piece of medical equipment, replacement value makes more sense than market value. The organization may receive different quotes on market value but replacement value should be more consistent and reliable. Stable Monetary Unit The stable money unit is our country is the dollar. The dollar is used in money measurement and other principles that have money values attached. The dollar is always the dollar but the value can change based on the economy and inflation (Cleverly et. al. ). An example of how this might impact health care is, suppose the organization, based on replacement value, has allotted a certain amount of money to purchase an expensive medical devise. Before the purchase has been made, the dollar decreases in value or is unavailable and has to be imported. The value of the dollar has changed; the country from which the item is imported from may have experienced a decrease in the value of the United States Dollar. The dollar is still a stable monetary unit though there may be fluctuations due to inflation or other events. Conclusion There are no specific hard rules that govern accounting; the five guiding principles of accounting are used to help organizations keep track of the entity’s assets and liabilities.  The principles are not perfect but serve as a guide to costing and money measurement. The stable money unit in our country is the dollar. The dollar may experience fluctuations in value but is still considered stable and how the United States measure and pay for any expenses. The five principles seem simple and as one looks into each principle further, it is noted that there are complexities and problems that must remain in the forefront of the accountant’s mind when keeping up with the financial end of any organization.

Compare And Contrast (mainiac Magee And The Cay)

Compare And Contrast (mainiac Magee And The Cay) Maniac Magee and The Cay Black, white, white, human. You can be white or black, but everyone is human. Everyone should be friends no matter what color you are. The two books I read were Maniac Magee by Jerry Spinelli and The Cay by Theodore Taylor. They had a few main themes, but two of them really stood out. One of them was prejudice and the other was friendship.Although both books were based on similar themes, they were they were presented from different points of view. Maniac Magee is about a white boy who ends up living with a black family, in a black area of town. The Cay tells about a prejudice white boy who gets stranded on an island with a black man. In both stories people became more accepting of each other by overcoming their differences.Years ago, friendships between whites and blacks were nearly non-existent.Blasphemer (left) and Maniac (right) of Norwegian ...

The Characters in All My Sons by Arthur Miller

The Characters in All My Sons by Arthur Miller Arthur Millers drama All My Sons asks a tough question: How far should a man go to secure his familys well-being? The play delves into deeply moral issues regarding our obligations to our fellow man. Divided into three acts, the story unfolds in the following manner: Act One: The friendly Keller household is introduced.Act Two: The truth about Joe Keller is revealed.Act Three: After facing the truth, the characters make final choices. Like other works by Arthur Miller, All My Sons is a critique of an overzealously capitalistic society. It shows what happens when humans are ruled by greed. It demonstrates how self-denial cannot last forever. And it is Arthur Millers characters who bring these themes to life. Joe Keller Joe seems like the traditional, amiable 1940s father figure. Throughout the play, Joe presents himself as a man who deeply loves his family but also has great pride in his business. Joe Keller has been running a successful factory for decades. During World War II, his business partner and neighbor, Steve Deever noticed some faulty airplane parts about to be shipped for use by the U.S. military. Steve says that he contacted Joe who ordered that shipment, but Joe denies this, saying that he was home sick that day. By the plays end, the audience discovers the dark secret Joe has been concealing: Joe decided to send the parts through because he was afraid that admitting the companys mistake would destroy his business and his familys financial stability. He allowed the sale of faulty airplane parts to be shipped to the frontline, resulting in the death of twenty-one pilots. After the cause of the deaths was discovered, both Steve and Joe were arrested. Claiming his innocence, Joe was exon erated and released and the entire blame shifted to Steve who remains in jail. Like many other characters within the play, Joe is capable of living in denial. It is not until the plays conclusion that he ultimately faces his own guilty conscience - and then he chooses to destroy himself rather than deal with the consequences of his actions. Larry Keller Larry was Joes oldest son. The audience does not learn too many details about Larry; the character dies during the war, and the audience never meets him - no flashbacks, no dream sequences. However, we do hear his final letter to his girlfriend. In the letter, he reveals his feeling of disgust and disappointment towards his father. The content and tone of the letter suggest that perhaps Larrys death was due to combat. Perhaps life was no longer worth living because of the shame and anger he felt. Kate Keller A devoted mother, Kate still holds on to the possibility that her son Larry is alive. She believes that one day they will receive word that Larry was only wounded, perhaps in a coma, unidentified. Basically, she is waiting for a miracle to arrive. But theres something else about her character. She holds onto the belief that her son lives because if he perished during the war, then (she believes) her husband is responsible for her sons death. Chris Keller In many ways, Chris is the most admirable character in the play. He is a former World War II soldier, so he knows firsthand what it was like to face death. Unlike his brother, and the many men who died (some of them because of Joe Kellers faulty airplane parts), he managed to survive. He plans to marry his late brothers former girlfriend, Ann Deever. Yet, he is very respectful about his brothers memory, as well as the conflicting feelings of his fiancà ©. He also has come to terms with the death of his brother and hopes that his mother will soon be able to peacefully accept the sad truth. Finally, Chris, like so many other young men, idealizes his father. His strong love for his father makes the revelation of Joes guilt all the more heart-wrenching. Ann Deever As mentioned above, Ann is in an emotionally fragile situation. Her boyfriend Larry was missing in action during the war. For months she hoped that he had survived. Gradually, she came to terms with Larrys death, eventually finding renewal and love in Larrys younger brother, Chris. However, since Kate (Larrys seriously-in-denial Mom) believes that her eldest son is still alive, she is mortified when she discovers that Ann and Chris plan to marry. On top of all this tragedy/romance material, Ann also laments the disgrace of her father (Steve Deever), whom she believes is the sole criminal, guilty of selling faulty parts to the military. (Thus, theres great dramatic tension, as the audience waits to see how Ann will react when she discovers the truth: Steve isnt the only guilty one. Joe Keller is guilty too!) George Deever Like many of the other characters, George (brother of Ann, son of Steve) believed that his father was guilty. However, after finally visiting in father in prison, he now believes that Keller was in fact primarily responsible for the death of the pilots and that his father Steve Deever should not be the only one in jail. George also served during World War II, thus giving him a greater stake in the drama, for he is not only seeking justice for his family, but for his fellow soldiers.

European Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European Economic Growth - Essay Example This global financial crisis tagged with dire housing market corrections has resulted in a peculiarly uncertain situation (European Commission). The resultant shock has reduced the domestic demand throughout the EU, which is pathetically debilitating considering the fact that the external demand is already on the ebb (European Commission). The autumn economic forecast published by the European Commission in November 2008 reflects a crucial stagnation of the EU economy by the end of the year 2009. Though the inflationary pressures are expected to ease, the labour market and the financial sector is predicted to deteriorate even further (European Commission). Most of the European economies are either already in or are on the verge of facing a recessionary situation and the economic growth is expected to dip down even further (European Commission). As per the current estimates, the GDP growth in the EU is projected to retard to 1.4 percent by the end of the year 2008 and will dip down to a worrying figure of 1.1 percent by 2010 (European Commission). The consumer price inflation that has already achieved its peak level is expected to plummet to 2.25 percent in 2009 and to approximately 2 percent by the end of the year 2010 (European Commission). ... prices and a relative softening of the labour markets because of the bleak prospects pertaining to the overall economic growth (European Commission).(European Commission) The labour markets are already being impacted by stagnation in the economic growth and this is expected to give way to a drastic fall in the employment levels throughout the EU. The employment situation is expected to ease beyond 2009 (European Commission). That will lead to the creation of 0.25 million jobs in the EU in 2009-2010 (European Commission). However, this increase is strikingly less as compared to 6 million jobs created in the EU in 2007-2008 (European Commission). Thus the unemployment rate in the EU is expected to appreciate by 1 percent in the next two years, thus achieving an overall figure of 7.8 percent (European Commission).So far as the public finances are concerned, the present circumstances portend a bleak scenario. The deficit in the government budgets that was roughly 1 percent of GDP in 2007 is expected to appreciate to 2.6 percent by 2010 (European Commission)(European Commission) Considering the fiscal and monetary packages being extended by the governments to resuscitate the ailing economies, the budgetary deficits may rise even further in the times to come (European Commission). Thus, realistically speaking, the public debt is expected to further rise as this economic crisis worsens. The current prospects pertaining to the economic growth in the EU are enveloped in a mist of uncertainty, doubts and apprehensions. The existing credit crunch may worsen, persist for a longer period of time and perhaps could have a more debilitating impact on the EU economy. Further corrections in the housing market may be required

Home Visit Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Home Visit Assignment - Essay Example However, her parents admitted to Kyreni having become extremely bossy and temperamental often using sign language to communicate or otherwise when speaking, switching between her native Spanish to English. It seems that Kyreni is showing signs of jealousy towards her younger brother James and has resorted to various methods of communication in order to obtain her parents’ attention. She often resorts to crying where Reyna is forced to ignore the baby and tend to Kyreni in order to make her stop misbehaving. Both Reyna and Jason are devoted and loving parents, providing them with care and support. The have a healthy and learning environment, with plenty of healthy activities for Kyreni to participate in, like educational toys and books. Although, the parent’s relationship with the two kids is strong, I feel that they are still lacking a certain amount of organization and involvement. Due to the second baby, both parents find little time to play with Kyreni and be involve d in her activities. They feel that the only time they can actually communicate with her effectively, is during the short and brief time they can spare to play with her. This might be the only time Kyreni feels comfortable and happy. The short time she has to play with her parents allows her to feel tat they have finally come to her level and treating her as an individual. This feeling of not being thrown in the same category as her younger brother brings about a positive change in her behavior and attitude. She is, for the duration of play time, able to cope with her emotions and actively mingle with her parents knowing that for the moment she has her parents’ undivided attention. Even though, parents always love their children, they still need to provide a separate and special bonding time with each of their children to help them get a sense of their unique and individual relationship with their parents. At a young age, like Kyreni’s, children are unable to develop a sense of perspective. It is like first learning to drive a car, the slightest deviation from the road or straight line, causes one to panic and be unsure of the world around them. Similarly, children having to deal with jealousy and anger need adults to provide them with as sense of direction and healthy ways of coping with these new and undiscovered emotions. Jealousy is of course a natural feeling and it can’t be completely erased but its experience can be minimized and dealt with effectively. Although, Reyna and Jason displayed a lot of love and care towards their children, there was still a certain amount of organization lacking. This was largely due to the fact that Reyna’s mother is visiting. The parents admitted that they always lacked routines and weren’t good at scheduling, but their day was still a bit more structured before Reyna’s mother visiting. They have adhered to the little routines with Kyreni such as brushing her teeth, reading/singing to her before bedtime and giving her back rubs if she demands them. However, her nap schedule is really off and only takes them when she feels like it. It is really important to provide growing children with routines in order to facilitate a safe, regular and organized physical environment. Having routines and fixed schedules helps children to feel secure and comforted. By

Visible and invisible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Visible and invisible - Essay Example Usually, it is from â€Å"space† that we explore the spatial zones in architecture and the external surroundings. This techniques existence has been for quite a while in construction since the inception of architecture as a form of art. When designing it, there has to be planning as it determines a lot on the outcome for a piece of architecture. This piece discusses space and its implication to architecture with the intent of highlighting its usefulness within the architectural setting whilst propagating useful ideologies. Visible spaces entail those areas that can be conceivable by the mind on an architecture material and in the real sense; they are observable in the physical world. Moreover, invisible space in most cases is an illusion emanating from one’s thought upon observing any form of architectural works (Blundell- jones, Petrescu & Till 23. Prior to a person, joining an architectural school, space is the first thing of which he/she is taught. According to Blundell- jones Petrescu &, Till (115), it is a form of experience that motivates artists towards creativity. Space involves a graphic abstraction when intending to convey a meaning to the audiences or those using the architectural component. By knowing aspects that are existent or have been constructed, unknown concepts are comprehensible. We can reverse an image that is in the physical form to a space. Therefore, the idea for use in this case is exploring the unknown to known using visible spaces. According to Blundell- jones, Petre scu & Till (125), spatial boundaries and connection are created by the mind upon conceiving a piece of artworks. In most cases, space relies on the construction already in place such as a building or the existing natural environment. This is to mean that the idea of using space is not a nouvelle concept in the field of architecture. It is from it that creativity emanated and other ideologies associated with creative construction such as

Devils man Essay Example for Free

Devils man Essay This scene is also very captivating as there are so many different storylines and agendas going on in it, on the surface you have Elizabeth Proctor lying for her husband which results in them having a dire consequence, and Hales dramatic change of opinion. Underneath you have Abigail pushing Mary to join her by getting herself and her tools (other girls from Salem) to act as if they are being possessed by Mary and Mary has transfigured herself into a yellow bird Oh Mary this is a black art to change your shape. Abigail knows she has to win Mary over to her side so all are ganged up against John Proctor as he has started violently accusing Abigail Give me a whip, Ill stop it and Abigail realises these accusations have to stop. Abigail knows it will not take long for Mary to cave in, and this is what makes Abigail such an alluring character, as in this scene I cannot help but quite like her as she is so over the top and melodramatic, from a modern day reader of the play the ridiculousness but intelligence of her ideas provide a lot of the appealing aspects of the play and especially this scene. It would be a mistake to say Abigail is totally evil as in the same way it would be a mistake to say Proctor is totally good as although in the end of the play he dies a martyr as he refuses to confess to witch-craft we cannot forget he did commit adultery and has had more than a few feuds with other members of Salem (most notably Parris). Abigail also witnessed her parents deaths and therefore was bought up with no family around her. She also is totally in love with John Proctor and would do anything to wed him and by accusing Elizabeth of witchcraft all she is doing is trying to get closer to John. Another engaging aspect of this scene is the fact that the audience watching the play experiences so many emotions. There is the anxiety and suspense felt when Elizabeth has to say if her husband was a lecher, and then there is the tragic, saddened emotion when you realise what is going to happen to John Proctor as Elizabeth said he had had no affair. There is the excitement when Abigail fakes Marys possession of her, and also the shock of Hales remarkable change in character. I believe what makes this play so popular, and what is particularly represented in this scene is all the characters are so human, their personalities so deep and structured. I feel this is for many reasons although predominately because Miller wrote the characters from The Crucible from historic evidence in Salem town records- many of the characters names appear in the records and even Proctors affair is recorded. Also what makes these characters so realistic is there are no characters who are purely good or purely bad and what makes them so enthralling is they all have their little faults for example (Proctor to Elizabeth) You ought to bring some flowers in the house. Oh I forgot! I will tomorrow. This shows us Elizabeth can at times be forgetful which makes the audience able to relate to her and the rest of the characters as everyone has their own imperfections. John Proctor is an extremely enchanting character, however at times personally I felt he became a little tiresome especially during the end when he keeps on at Elizabeth whether she will forgive him if he confesses to witchcraft and lies to God I would have your forgiveness, Elizabeth. In this scene though Proctor has an unnerving desperation about him pleading for his wifes and his own lives. It only hit me when I had just finished the book the similarities between John Proctor and Arthur Miller himself as they were both persecuted and punished for things out of their control (Miller for not being anti-communist) and John Proctor (for being accused of trafficking with the Devil). They also both refused to confess as neither of them felt they were guilty of a crime and therefore were in effect Martyrs although Miller did not die. Principally, however the main reason I like this scene so much is from a dramatic point of view. It would be fantastic to perform as there is so much going on and the characters are so well formed by Miller. There is also a vast contrast of characters to play in the scene. What also makes it appealing from a theatrical aspect is the roller coaster of emotions and changes of emotions, which happen so quickly. This passage is also a prime example of why Miller wrote the play, which is a further reason I admire the scene so much. This scene shows not only the persecution of a man who is innocent like the persecution of the communists, but also shows the power of religion, and how when the majority of people in a community believe something so passionately in this instance God and Christianity, arguing against it will do far more harm than good. It shows the dangers of living in a theocratic society where everything is kept behind closed doors, and when it is exposed the consequences can be literally in Salem in the seventeenth century, fatal. This scene is strengthened by the 17th century language, which adds a certain harsh quality to the way the line sounds. The ending of the scene is my favourite part of the passage, this is because the is when Mary sees Danforth is believing Abigail more and more and she knows that she will be hanged if she does not join Abigail. Therefore she admits to speaking with the Devil, but says to the court (Mary pointing at Proctor) You are the Devils man! This surprises everyone probably even Mary herself as she didnt think she was strong enough to do it, but she realises fighting against Abigail was fighting a losing battle. Throughout the play there are many interesting and dramatic scenes, which captivated my imagination, however this scene stood out above all others largely because of the acting potential and the tremendous depth to the characters although the reasons above also played a part in why I enjoyed the scene. Recently Arthur miller was stated saying, At least the play is still living I believe it certainly is.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Rebranding

Advantages and Disadvantages of Rebranding Introduction Brand identity awareness as we understand it now appeared in the 19th century with the introduction of packaged goods. As soon as products were no longer produced by local manufacturer the need for the brand image occurred. Mass production has a wider market orientation and often cheaper price. But competition with local products which were already familiar to consumers was impossible without differentiation and strong appealing image. Many brands image was intentionally created to simulate local farmers products and therefore appear as something familiar to the potential customer. Perfect illustrations provide such known brands as Uncle Bens rice and Kelloggs breakfast cereal, till now they have an image of home-made products. And from this contemporary branding originated: manufacturers with the help of advertising started to associate other kinds of brand values, such as youthfulness, fun, luxury, honesty, quality assurance, source or ownership, and producers responsibility. They learned how to differentiate and to create emotional bonding with the help of identity signs. Recent environmental trends are forcing top managers to give even greater and greater attention to brand identity to guarantee competitive advantage. For every business the key to success is the right brand identity which should present a positive image of the company and set the stage for a strong reputation. Temporal (2002) stated The brand is the foundation of the business. Weak brand can tear up the foundation. Therefore the creation of strong brand identity is crucial for companies to encourage positive attitudes and provide an important competitive advantage. The corporate name and logo are two essential components of the corporate identity construct; they are the symbols of brand. Furthermore, they are the most pervasive elements in corporate and brand communications, and play a main role in the communication of the desired positioning strategy. The right logo and clear visual identity are critical for any companys success. Though a brand can have an old-fashioned logo, even the minor change can jeopardize its appeal to loyal customers. In the advertising history there are a lot of examples of rebranding which gone wrong. Wheeler (2009) in her book brings an example of Kelloggs corn flakes which wanted slightly change the name of cereals from Coco Pops to Choco Pops in 1999. The result was deplorable and its customer base strongly resisted. If the brand image is strong, a sudden change could alienate customers. On the other hand, successful rebrand can help the company or a product to reach unprecedented market position. In the 1950s nobody knew a widespread and popular fruit called kiwi, because it was called the Chinese gooseberry and was not popular at all. American importers decided that it needed a makeover. Fruit is imported from New Zealand, so they decided to rename it kiwifruit to honour the flightless national bird of New Zealand. With the new name market position improved dramatically. The importance of the right name and appropriate professionally designed logo hardly can be underestimated. If brand symbols were not created well in the beginning it is never too late to do a rebrand. Though changing these symbols is controversial and requires enormous physical, financial and psychological investments. Rebranding has become a real trend in the last decades, with some companies rebranding several times. There are plenty of successful and unsuccessful examples of rebranding which was done for all possible reasons from attempt to rebrand itself to desire to shed the company negative image. Obviously, the risks of changing the established brand identity are high and benefits are not guaranteed. With a new identity it is normally very difficult to estimate actual monetary benefits. However, there are numerous examples of companies changing names and logos, rebranding, and creating new identities for a variety of reasons, all with successful results. The aim of this study is therefore to give an answer to the following research question: Why evolution of brand identity is better than revolution? and When revolution is necessity? The paper is a secondary research and is based on information from books and specialized magazines, also in electronic form. It is structured in order to provide a clear and systematic understanding of the advantages, disadvantages and causes of changing the established brand identity. Brand identity Brand image and brand identityÂÂ   Difference between brand identity and image is not obvious and often confused. According to Collins dictionary brand image is the attributes of a brand as perceived by potential and actual customers. Therefore brand image is mostly visual oriented and dealing with such issues as logo design, name, tagline, corporate colours and fonts. On the contrary brand identity refers to the core attributes of a brand itself, its philosophy and its values. Brand identity is so-called brand personality a marvellous aggregate which form the uniqueness of brand; it is an individuality which singles out the brand. Brand identity is the facade of the company or organisation and should be an accurate representation of it. On the other hand it is the total proposition and promises that a company makes to consumers. But the press and the competition can also influence brand identity. To establish and maintain distinguishable identity every aspect of a business has to be taken into consideration. Aaker (2004) mentioned in his works that companies have to make substantial efforts to make sure that what customers perceive the company in desired way. A well-built image works for the company, bringing an individual, memorable identity which fits perfectly with the companys aims and strategies. A strong brand identity always brings a company above its competitors all by itself. Though development of such a strong brand takes time and financial inputs it is a worthy investment. (Aaker, pp 183-185) Different levels of identity change When companies decide to undertake corporate identity changes, they are usually redeveloping the visual image in terms of logo and corporate design. Such efforts do not normally involve a change in brand values so that the brand itself, its personality and core values remains the same. Unfortunately, very often this fallacy led companies to believe that the visual changes itself will change the brand identity. But changes to signage or logo design do not necessarily change the perception of consumer. Certain characteristics like the indefinable associations with this brand or consumer perception of quality and service are deep-rooted into the brand identity and cannot be changed that easily. As it is important for any brand to maintain a modern look even surface changes of the visual image are positive and the visual identity needs to change over time. But entire change of the image can provoke consumer concerns about changes in brand values or possible ownership. If there is an appealing for consumers strong brand identity then extensive changes may destroy emotional attachments. People are always afraid to notice sudden unjustified changes in the behaviour of other people. Same negative reaction is unavoidable when the accustomed brands which customer prefer exhibit similar sudden changes. Alternatively, if the goal is to significantly improve the standing of the brand, then corporate identity changes can be accompanied by considerable changes to all the related issues like organizational culture or service standards. Normal completion of such changes will improve consumers perception of the company and its services. Consequently the changes will, over the longer term, have a corresponding positive effect on brand image. Brand symbols: logo and company name The role of the logo Confident branding and a well-built branding strategy uses design to communicate a message that appeals to the target audience a message that creates confidence in the brand quality while differentiating it between the competitors. In the branding strategy the importance of the logo as a component in reflecting a brand can hardly be overestimated. If the logo does not to qualify than a new brand strategy and a new logo should be considered. A logo as an important part of brand marketing can say many things about a company. A logo can make the perception of the company either negative or positive. The mission of the logo is to effectively brand the company. Therefore logo can be considered a god one if it is correctly represents the values and goals of the company. Though branding is not come to a simple logo design. The logo is only one piece of the branding strategy. But nevertheless logo is a powerful symbol that can provide consumers with instant brand recognition of the business and the services or products that company offer. Good logo has to arose strong associations with the brand identity and be entirely based on a brand strategy. Without the strategy behind it a logo can put across the wrong message and in return weaken the brand identity. Consistent brand message implemented in well designed logo helps to increase consumer recognition. A logo represents business, illuminates it, is able to promote core values and draw focus from competitors. Being attractive, easy to read and memorable a logo establishes a familiarity among other brands and makes a differentiation. A logo is absolutely essential for both small and large businesses. Any business would be are faceless and forgettable without a logo. A professionally made logo can catch the attention of potential clients and invite their interest in a company. A logo is kind of business special mark. When customers visit a store, use products or even receive official emails, a logo becomes a business personal signature. It informs new customers about targets and values of the company and greets old customers with remembrance. Nowadays in competitive market environment logo plays the main role in differentiation one product from another. A logo helps people positively recognise the business as being professional, credible and authentic. A logo should be well-executed and look great, also it should be truthful in what it communicates and not be exaggerative or deceptive, to show that a business is credible. And most importantly, a logo should represent the brand identity values confidently to invite trust from customers and being authentic. Brand design To describe the visual design elements of a brand experience, such as aÂÂ  graphic logo designÂÂ  and the most significant sides of a brand a term brand design is used. Professional designers can develop a brand design in a way to connect the company with its customers, to create the right image, and communicate the right information about product benefits. The brands effect on buyers preferences and continued loyalty are the keys. (Shimp (2003), p. 136) The main goal of branding is to make product or service emotionally appealing for consumers. Brand design is concerning with designing the consumers familiarity with the brand. Consequently it is important to communicate to the customers anÂÂ  imageÂÂ  of the company, products and services that is value oriented. Then again the brand unique value is constitutes of the level of consumers awareness. With every new experience to the brand, customers repeatedly pick up on the brands benefits and qualities. Logo and name design A logo design is critical for the brand identity as it has a role of a symbol of the product. Without brand identity and consequently logo design it would be almost impossible to sell products or services. The truth is, people normally buy not only the products and services, but they also buy a promise, reputation and identity. All mentioned above qualities the logo design should represent. Any logo design consists of two key elements: the logos text (company name) and the graphic or picture that accompanies it. The look of a companys name conveys meaning and is as significant as picture. Different fonts convey different meanings and emotions to the potential customer and using the right font is vital. However logo design images frequently become the key recognition component of any companys marketing promotions. In order to have right brand positioning and the strength brand a corporate logo or product logo should be well designed. An image should be simple and bold, making it easy to see at a glance and should work well with the company name. A strong, balanced image with no little extras that confuse its look would be appropriate for any company. Additionally it is always important to make sure that logo looks good in black and white, as well as in colour. The logo should not be just nice, but it should communicate certain values which are important for the company. The logo design has to communicate the nature of the business clearly and has graphic imagery that looks appropriate for the business. Corporations are moved in new and different directions by internal and external factors. Thus with the lapse of time logos can lose their meaning. Many famous companies have successfully introduced a new logo or re-positioned existing ones. Different kinds of design The most widely used font-based design focuses primarily on text and typeface but can incorporate other elements as well. The logos of IBM, Microsoft and Sony, for instance, use type treatments with a twist that makes them distinctive. This type is best suited for companies whose name effectively describes what they do and can convey the message without graphical elements. The subtype of a font-based design is usage of monograms and anagrams. The letter(s) represent a symbol of the company and are often used when initials translate graphically better than the actual name. This type is a wholly typographically oriented, usually involving initials or abbreviations. This design type is preferable when communication funds are limited and should be focused on name recognition. Also when the company name is already reasonably distinctive and when the goal is to associate products with the company more clearly and directly than a symbol permits. Using a monogram is possible only if a company is big enough to afford teaching the public what the monogram means. Another well known type consists of a simple but strong graphic symbol, an emblem on a product. The symbol is often abstract, complements an aspect of a business or service and represents a company by association. The logos of Nike or Apple are like this. Also there are plenty of company logo designs that literally illustrate what a company does, such as when a house-painting company uses an illustration of a brush in its logo. This type is worth using when the company name is too long, too generic, doesnt translate well globally, or has no personality. As well as a monogram it can be costly and difficult to create public awareness for the symbol type. Small businesses with limited marketing budgets often use a combination of a symbol with words. Combination can be loose or integral and the elements can be used together or separately. A well designed combined logotype can effectively communicate what a company does as well as reflect the company personality. Since combined logo communicate the idea behind easily, less marketing is required for the logo to be effective. Therefore, combined logos are the most cost effective type of logo design available. Distinctive tag line Solis (2010) describes a tag line as an amusing or memorable phrase designed to catch attention in an advertisement. (Solis (2010), p.247) A tag line normally consists of three to seven words phrase that accompanies the logo. It expresses the companys most important benefits and on the other hand what a company wants to communicate to customers about its work. Despite the effortlessly appearance of some great tag lines, creating and refining one takes a lot of time and hard work, just like designing a great logo. However the benefits of taking the time to craft a great tag line are indisputable. Main quality index of a great tag lines is it stickiness in to the consumers memory. Let us examine the example of Hallmark greeting cards tag line. When you care enough to send the very best, appeals to the human desire to be viewed as having good taste and an enjoyment for luxury. With this tag line Hallmark positioned itself as the choice for quality. Company was founded by J. C. Hall, so the name Hallmark was a natural. Hallmark was an official series of marks, instituted by statute in 1300, and subsequently modified, stamped by the Guild of Goldsmiths at one of its assay offices on gold, silver, or platinum (since 1975) articles to guarantee purity, date of manufacture. (Collins Dictionary)Therefore it was also brilliant from a marketing perspective because the word itself means a mark of authenticity or excellence. The name attaches the image of quality to a product in the best possible way. The tag line makes the most of the image with words that stick in the mind. Creating a fine logo and distinctive tag line are significant for a brand identity as they provide the right image of the company and give it capability to be memorable enough. Therefore these are also critical qualities for the competitive capacity. Change of brand symbols In the dynamic environment of the recent decades the very idea of changing brand symbols name and logo is a prevalent phenomenon in every given area of business. Redesign in most of the cases is caused by the emotional apprehension of top management. The company logo design seems to become obsolete or doesnt have the same advertising appeal that it did a few years ago. Other common reason for redesign can be narrow circumstances, time and/or budget deficit in which logo was created. To conclude, the decision of the company logo redesign is one of the most doubtful decisions any company can make due to enormous risks involved. Changing an established name or logo requires judicious approach to a problems, carefulness and consideration. A correctly executed logo redesign can positively impact the company brand and therefore help to achieve a competitive posture in the market. Even most important corporations sometimes change their brand identity and logo design. When changes in market focus are occurred the need of logo redesign often became inevitable. Because company needs a logo that is more conforming to new circumstances and more appropriate for a new demographics. Logo redesign can help to achieve current business goals. Decision to change logo should be deliberate and scrupulous as it includes numerous issues. First of all there are different levels of changes possible: a makeover (a new design) and a repair. Repair Logo repair is suitable in case the logo just need a little simplification, or perhaps a more technically proficient rendering. This is the least difficult case and the most frequent as the modern technologies require new technical specifications. For example logo design should be easily reproduced on web colours. Also stationery and letterhead design can be unfoundedly expensive to reproduce if the colours are not suitable. In addition too complicated logo with small details also can be problematic. A logo repair involves a re-rendering of the artwork so that a new improved logo become versatile and more adaptable and can be used in a range of a media. Also not the least of the factors logo repair allows for slow integration into the branding material brochures, cards and signs. After the logo has been re-rendered into new editable format, the various design components can be improved, such as colours and fonts. Brand symbols gradual change Paul Temporal (2002) discusses few examples of the companies which are not going to change their logos anytime soon. As they already have spent tremendous sums of money to get their logos into the public eye. For instance it is definitely not the design that makes the Nike logo swoosh impressive, but the recognition factor. This logo was created by Caroline Davidson in 1971 for only $35, yet its still a strong, memorable logo, effective even without colour and easily scalable. It represents the wing of the Greek goddess of victory, Nike and is perfect for a sporting apparel business. However, Nike is still trying to make their image more amusing. The Nike font style has been transformed many times, in an attempt to keep up with changes in taste and design sensibility. The Microsoft Windows logo also went through number of insignificant design changes. Introduced in 1995 the first logo was extremely simple just a graphic representation of a flying window. Afterwards the Windows icon had become much more refined: 3D, glowing and with a new font. It still remained in the same design family as the transformation was not beyond recognition, but became glossy and modern. Apple was the first computer firm which did not use its name as its corporate identity, even the word Macintosh is the name of an apple variety. The idea of selling a computer under the name and image of an apple was conceived by Steve Jobs and his colleagues. Apple computers also developed their Apple icon from a rainbow-striped version to a solid and much classier modern icon in the late nineties. The Apple icon has remained pretty stable over the years, but its treatment has changed on several occasions in order to maintain the logos strength while adapting to the corporations current marketing focus. Makeover Brand symbols makeover is a creation of a new image and new attributes for the brand image. Logos are main symbols of a companys brand identify and are fundamental to consumer recognition. Decision to make a logo redesign has its risks and rewards. According to Aaker a company logo can be maintained for up to 20 years serving as an enduring symbol of a company impact and existence. (Aaker (2004), pp 112-127) However a company can decide to change its logo for several significant reasons which include changing customer and industry trends or changes in the companys business focus and market strategy. Also a merger and acquisition is a frequent reason for logo makeover, as new logo should represent new merged company. The process of changing an already established logo should be approached carefully, it is important to define whether there is a need for a completely new logo or a significant makeover of the already existing logo. The risks involved in changing the current logo include first of all potential losses in brand equity that has been built after lots of hard work and significant financial investment over the years. Also customers brand loyalty can be affected. Current clients used to seeing previous logo in company marketing collaterals like envelopes, business cards and letterheads may not immediately connect with the new logo. Logo makeover is a risky and difficult step which can be performed only once. Since the first time it can be interpreted and justified as an improvement. Any more changes can unfavourably affect the company. The reputation would be affected, and the company would look unsure of its identity, its future and its consumer environment. On the other hand a well executed logo makeover can help a company project a new image as a forward thinking company and achieve new visions of possibilities. The benefits of a logo redesign or significant makeover could include repositioning of the companys brand in the mind of customers and reflection of the company new business focus or direction. While a logo makeover gives the impression of relatively painless process, it includes a total renovation of the brand identity. Though represents a considerable costs, risks and disturbance to the marketing effectiveness. Logo makeover can significantly shape company brand identify and relationship with already existing customers. Despite all the risks and potential expenses a successful logo makeover can bring a great profit to the company. Change of brand identity Brand identity assessment The starting point of any brand identity transformation is careful appraisal and defining target market and unique selling position of the company. Afterwards these findings will facilitate the development of new brand identity. Brand identity include everything from customer perception and experience to quality, brand look and design, to customer care, retail and website, and even the tone and voice of communications. Defining corporate identity is often difficult, and the clues to what factors shape identity vary widely among industries and firms. To be ready for change at any time, managers must be more aware of how key stakeholders, such as employees, customers, investors and the community, view the companys identity. Change, when necessary, should then be structured so that it does not run counter to this perceived view. Effective rebrands are based on a detailed analysis of every activity in the company including objectives, target markets, budget and resources, timeframe, known and unknown parameters, approval structure and stakeholders. Opposition to change in a brand identity is inevitable in most of the cases. Therefore managements task is to identify potential opposition and find ways to neutralize it. It is often useful to start the process of rebranding with discussion involving all the employees of the main idea behind the companys business, what its customers need and what they will need in the future. Sometimes a research can be helpful to determine the potential as well as current situation. When the idea is defined a model that will best represent that idea should be considered. Only after these steps are successfully implemented new visual identity, actual logo and all other new imagery can be created. Lofty aims of rebranding Value of the brand can be hardly overestimated and all the companies are striving to possess this intangible value. Therefore as temporal progress is going further some companies may find it necessary to revise their brand identity in order to have an up-to-date image, to be relevant and appealing to potential and actual consumers and the changing market situation. Lambkin and Muzellec (2006) studied more than 150 rebranding examples and formulate a hypothesis that regardless of reasons it invoke, rebranding aims at appealing, regaining, transferring and/or recreating the corporate brand equity. The aim of rebranding is therefore always a vast improvement of the brand image, though not always reachable. Rebranding can mean a variety of different things, from simple change of the company name to more deep changes of the brand identity policy such as change of logo and colour palette. Rebranding is relevantly easy if the changes are intentionally small to ensure continuity with the past, but also to reposition the company as contemporary. Difficult case is a complete rebranding which means change of the brand image in order to reposition the established brand in the market. Rebranding is always made in attempt of reposition the brand in the market and minds of consumers when brand identity is not anymore appealing, current brand positioning is not valid for the target market anymore, or target market changes. Sometimes companies make rebranding to distance themselves from certain negative connotations of the previous branding. For example if the brand has a controversial image, a repositioning is required to improve the flawed reputation. However the main reason for a rebranding is to communicate a new message for a company. The goal of rebranding is to renovate brand image and differentiate situation for stakeholders and market position. Far from just a change of visual identity, rebranding should be part of an overall brand strategy for a product or service. (Lambkin, Muzellec (2006), p. 2) Brand image is one of the most precious assets, and that value is a culmination of many years investment and commitment. Deep understanding of initial brand values and thorough research are required for the rebranding undertaking because of the huge impact on a company position that rebranding or even change of a logo can invoke. Launch of the new brand identity should be also made in a delicate and systematic manner in order to avoid pushing away old customers, while aiming to attract new one. Establishing trust and emotional bounds based on careful strategy are critical in the rebranding process. Appropriate rebranding strategy, consistent product or service quality, sensible pricing and effective distribution will help to rebuilt brand awareness and create associations in customer memory after rebrand implementation. Rebranding is expensive and involves a quantity of risks. Necessity to explain to loyal customers the reasons of rebranding and its benefits has to be anticipated. This is an expensive and not one hundred per cent successful undertaking. A company normally decide to undertake rebranding with all its cost, efforts and risks only if there are very good reasons for it. Reasons for brand identity change Though rebranding is always an earnest undertaking reasons for it can be sometimes ridiculous or unfounded. A company might want to transfer already existing identity into a new name, identity policy or positioning for a number of reasons, in order to respond to external or internal concerns. The most common reason is attempt to stay modern, signal a change in direction, focus, attitude or strategy, if a company has a feeling that the brand image has become old-fashioned. In a fast-changing environment it can be useful to change because of globalisation, declining profitability or consumer indifference. The other reason is differentiation from competitors and willingness to overcome them. Gaining bad press or bad events experience would normally promote a corporate identity change. Also the launch of new businesses that are significantly different from the traditional one can be a reason. However big companies very often have so-called rebranding cycles in order to stay current with the times or set themselves ahead of the competition. (Temporal (2002), pp 112-117) Companies also utilize rebranding as an effective marketing tool to hide discomposure of the past and to shed negative connotations that could potentially affect profitability. The attraction of new customers Ambition to target a new market is a most common reason for rebranding. A good example of such attempt can be Cadillac which in recent times designed a range of new cars to provide a trendy, youthful look to their brand image.ÂÂ   A lot of companies nowadays want to appear modern and progressive. A practice of changing company logo and name in attempt to attract new customers became one of the most common and widespread in recent decades. The name for a product sometimes doesnt sound good and the logo can be obsolete or inappropriate for the marketing strategy. However logo or brand symbols redesign in order to make company current or fashionable is the worst possible solution. There is always a high risk that change of the logo will alienate customers instead of attracting new one. Recent rebranding of the Pepsi logo which was made in attempt to attract new customers is perfect example of how unsuccessful it can be. Made by Arnell Group the Pepsi rebranding took three year and cost approximately $1 billion. Pepsi wanted to make a complete packaging and marketing rebranding of its soft drinks. The white stripe on the new logo supposed to be smiles, but all the efforts were barren, consumer