History Museum Visit Essay Example for Free

History Museum Visit EssayLocated on the coast of Confederate California is the city of La Jolla. forthwith home to almost 40,000 people, this city shares its own historical story from the past one hundred and fifty long time through a series of presentations located within three historical structures. These three structures include, The Westeria Cottage, Carriage House and the Current Headquarters. Each structure contri hardlyes its portion in putting together the La Jollas Historical Society. Currently, the structures are featuring, Home previous La Jolla An American Community during World struggle 11. The series includes triplex rooms dedicated to different parts in history, along with the different aspects going on during the contend. Each room featured m some(prenominal) photographs, artifacts and personal stories to process the hardship of these quantify in our history. Many of these items were either donated or loaned by the Veterans Museum in Balboa Park and the Japanese American Historical Society of San Diego.While researching for museums, previous(predicate) in February I came across the main website for these historical sites. It caught my eye because I k bare-assed that this exhibit would cast a different kind of perspective than other honey oil museums. There are a ton of histories on World War II, but there are very few on the home front experience. The La Jolla Historical Society presents a perspective from its society, and shares multiple personal oral stories from its own re military positionnts who lived through the war or their surviving relatives, which I effect fascinating. It is catered specifically to the effects of World War II on La Jollians. The oral stories provided by this exhibit are not only roughly what these residents think about about World War II, but excessively an intake of what life was like beyond that. I viewed this as a much different approach, but was very excited to begin my experience because I k new it would be something new.On April 7th, 2012, I took the opportunity to travel down to La Jolla and visit the museum. The museum is open Thurs daytime-Sunday, high noon to four PM and does not have a fee at all. I was also fortunate to be able to attend on a day where there was a given lecture at five PM, giving me enough time to grab an early dinner before reverting again. The lecture, Science Technology on the Home front, was covered by an oceanographer and U.S Armyveteran Walter Munk. He discussed the scientific innovations sparked by the needs of the war effort effectuate a boom in the fields of marine sciences and aeronautics.Entering the museum, I was introduced into a grand room that was divided up by glass cylinders, and it also offered entrances to many other rooms. Initially where you begin the journey, the right wall vie an introduction subroutine. It began with the year of 1894, displaying numerous photographs creating an idea of how life was like in La Jolla at the time. Everyone knew everyone quoted by Maurice Bonny was stated at the top of the wall. Photographs included vacation sports such as the La Jolla Caves, as puff up as the role of the newly invented Trains and Trolleys played and daily lifestyle activities such as golfing and beachside activities. Continuing along, stood in front of me a whopping wall with a scourge photograph of the explosives on December 7th, 1941. Underneath was the original imitate of the U.S Navy Communication Service from that given day, along with an article written the following day by John MaxConnel.This portion of the exhibit also feautured my archetypal chosen artifact, a momentbook. The oral history of a World War II veteran, wear thin Shutte, was done by a La Jolla High School student named Ana Ofresky, especially for this exhibit. Don Schutte donated a scrapbook of artifacts of things throughout his experience. It contained images, personal sketches and official documents, including the teleg ram the discussion section of War sent to his parents notifying them of his status as missing in action and a POW identification card he was given by the German Army upon his capture and imprisonment during the Battle of Bulge, on December 16, 1944. The final page of the scrapbook contains a letter he wrote to himself on Dec. 2, 1945, stating Hello there, great to be a civilian, isnt it? I found this a significant artifact because it told a story of just one man involved in the war in a very unique way. The documents indoors this scrapbook were all original and of items I had never seen before.On the opposite side of the room was a large wall which featured certain camps that La Jolla was hosting at the time. These camps included CampCallan, Camp Mathews and a military base in Bird Rock. Camp Calvin B. Mathews, also known as Marine Corps. Rifle Range was a military base from 1917 to 1964. It was used as a marksmanship training facility for Marine recruits being trained at Marine Corps Recruit. It was issued a rifle base but not until 1923. The base was then constructed to what is now UCSD. Camp Callen was a united States Army anti-aircraft artillery replacement training center that was operational during the time of war but was shut down right after World War II had ended. Lastly, there was other Naval Anti- Aircraft Training Center at Bird Rock, or Pacific Beach. This was a site where sailors would take a six-day line of merchandise on anti-aircraft artillery. It was opened from 1942 to 1945 and trained about 300,000 sailors to shoot down aircrafts.In a separate and very small room, was a Japanese American side and point of view during the war. It was set up to look like what s room at the captivity camps looked like. Most Japanese were interned in 10 camps in remote areas of seven western states. No claim of humane intent could change the reality-these were concentration camps. (pg. 736). The room only included a bed and a suitcase which included bedd ing, a book and one outfit. On the largest wall was a map that displayed the location of all of the internment camps in the U.S and a copy of a poster of instructions for the Japanese living in these rooms. Local newspapers there expressed confidence in the loyalty of Japanese Americans, who in any case were crucial to Hawaiis economy(pg.736) The room also displayed many newspaper articles, including one from the Los Angeles Examiner on March 23, 1942 announcing relocation of Japanese Americans from Los Angeles to internment camps. It was good to see an example of what kind of media was out during the time. Also in the room was the story of Hiomi Nakamura, a La Jollian born Japanese American who was first transported to a permanent relocation internment camp site, and later drafted to play a role in the was at a laboratory. Also, in this room I found my second artifact, small carvings. In all of the internment camps, people began making what they needed with whatever materials they could find. Scrap lumber became furniture, found metal became knives and for fun, scrap wood was carved into small, painted birds. These carvings were scrap wood paint metal which women also used as jewelry.To the right of this room continues on to an even smaller room. This part of the exhibit was the blackout room, covered with thick black sheets much like those were used by residents at the time to keep light inside their houses. People were so afraid the Japanese would attack that they had to turn out all of their lights at night. Blackouts were enacted to restrain enemy aircraft from reaching their targets by sight. They also helped prevent ships from being viewed in silhouette against the shore, and vulnerable to attack by enemy submarines. Traffic lights and car lights were covered in a way that would deflect their beams to the ground. This is where another one of my artifacts was inspired, a black sheet. These sheets were a source of protection and I feel it exploits a sen se of nationalism as well. The community as a whole worked together in order to make sure all the light in their society was turned off. Nationalism is brought up many times in our textbook starting with the growth of corporate businesses, to the acts of citizens during all three wars.Finally, came the last and second largest room. In this room I found my two be artifacts. This part of the exhibit displayed both men and womens role during the war. It included stories from women who were living at home, while their men were at war. It provided the perspective of what it was like to be a women or even young mother in La Jolla in the 1940s. Alongside of the roles played living on the home front, it also displayed the new roles women took inside the war itself. World War II brought an end to the military as an exclusive male enclave that women entered only as nurses (pg.730). At first the governing discouraged women who wanted to perform some kind of military service. It soon became c lear that the war was going to demand more than the government had expected. Women began to do technological jobs normally performed by men. One of the artifacts that I chose from this room was a nurses robe from the Red Cross.This robe was not just your typical limpid robe but was covered in patches of each army man they had helped. I was barely able to even see any white apart of the original robe. I chose this artifact because it truly portrayed the crucial role women also played in the war. Our textbook gives us a brief overview from the changes of roles women played during the time of war, but the number of patches on this robe opened my eyes to how much more of an important factor these nurses played taking on a great amount of soldiers. The number of men these women helped were astounding, definitely portraying how import a womens role was. On the other side of the room was a glassed display of a US Army Air force uniform from 1943-1945. It was considered to be the Eisenho wer jacket, based on General Eisenhower. In the display were also a M1903 Springfield Rifle and a M1 Grand Rifle alongside what seemed to be a map. The other artifact that I chose from this room was a silk scarf. Now this long silk scarf had nothing to do with fashion, but proved to be a crucial navigation tool during the war. Allied pilots were issued with these scarves that had detailed maps of enemy district printed on them. The silk scarves also denoted railroads, canals, roads, frontier, churches and lighthouses. Air Power Shrinks the Globe on page 743 of our textbook discusses the growth of airplanes over the period of time of war. The Wellington flew 255 miles an hour and cruised as high as 12,000 feet, with a range of 2,200 miles, whereas the new B-29s could travel more than 350 miles an hour, at altitudes up to 30,000 feet, with a range of up to 5,000 miles. (Pg. 743) At the time, this was a huge step in the evolution of aircrafts and aircrafts at war, but if we compare t his to the type of technology we have in our airplanes it cannot compare. Many of us cannot find our ways slightly our own city without using our mobile devices to navigate us. These pilots were using maps printed on scarves to help direct them around It is incredible.I believe that the site gave an exceptional appreciation of how life was like prior, during and after World War 11. Each room explained its story well by the display of artifacts, photographs and touching oral stories it presented. The facility was well outlined timeline which exposed a sequence of events. The exhibit related perfectly to the content of this class with all the information and artifacts it presented. Many of the things presented corresponded with what the book had to say about World War II, along with a lot of new material as well. Overall, I was very pleased to have been able to take a day off and visit the La Jolla Historical Society. I was able to learn a great deal of new material which contribute d to a get out understanding of what times were like during the war, not only as a nation but to the residents of La Jolla.

Intellectual property Essay Example for Free

Intellectual property EssayWhat is quick property? To give an identification government agency to understand,- said an antique philosopher. So, usually we understand intellectual property as totality of rights for results of intellectual activity (works, phonograms, inventions, etc) and means of individualization (trade tag, company name, etc).Objects of intellectual property often distribute into several groups 1) objects of copyrights (science, literature, art works, including databases and computer programs) 2) objects adjoining rights (phonograms, TV and radio programs, etc) 3) objects of patent rights (inventions, hireful models, industrial examples, etc) 4) means of individualization (trade marks and service marks, company names, names of commodity origin, etc) 5) non-traditional objects (selective innovations, topologies of integral micro schemes, rationalization proposals). Intellectual property provide be called a kind of as round, so in this quality you rotter debase it, sell, license, exchange it or to give without compensation, as any other kind of property. Besides, the owner of intellectual property has right to forbid illegal usage or sale of that definite property. Still, intellectual property is invisible, so in order to become registered, it should be expressed in some discernible flair. slew marks for brand identity for goods and services first of all are used to indicate the source of goods or services and to distinguish goods and services from the other. commerce marks also symbolize quality of goods or services, they are used together with. Majority of them are expressed in words, but they can be anything, what distinguish one product from the other, they can be expressed as symbols, logotypes, sounds, designs or even distinguishable non-functional configurations of products.The term of registration has definite period, but because of sound aims of trade marks (to avoid public confusion, to stimulate competition and protec t interests of owners) registration can be renewed and in such a way to be prolong infinitely, while those trade marks are used. What are the rights? The owner of trade mark can prohibit to others to use a correspondent trade mark in case such usage, probably, will arouse confusion in minds of consumers. Lets remember trademark of Panasonic, Sony, or Nike and Reebok. either these are trademarks.So, a consumer, buying production of those companies, buys also quality of production, brand name and fashion. There are other companies (mostly Chinese/Vietnamese), which produce fake, but use principle of similar pronunciation of well-known brand names. For example, they produce tape-recorders with brand name Panassonic, Sonny, or shoes with logotype Reaboc or Nikee. Those companies cause great losses to real companies Panasonic, Sony, Nike etc. A recognized brand name or trade mark represents the goodwill that has been built into the product or service.Consumers tend to subsume the re cognized brand name or trade mark with certain characteristics that are specific to that name or mark. Therefore, companies often spend millions of dollars annually for safeguarding the enthronization in the related intellectual property rights. (Intellectual Property Website). The problem is that different countries have their own legislation regarding intellectual property, what created difficulties for identification of intellectual property in common.Still, such registration of intellectual property should exist, because it is a presumable evidence of validity of trade mark and rights of its owners to use that trade mark. It is also fixed in national register of trade marks, notifying the whole world that owner uses such trade mark and has right of property. That trade mark should be distinguishable it means trade mark must have possibility to distinguish goods or services of that definite trade mark from other services or goods. It can include any original combination of lett ers, figures or other symbols, colors or musical sounds.There are a lot of kinds of trade marks (trade marks, which was created specially KODAK for photo-materials, XEROX for photocopy equipment, PEPSI for non-alcoholic drinks voluntary trademarks APPLE for computers or DOVE for soap, to mention a few) Trade marks for brand identity for goods and services can be very valuable asset. For example, it is well-known that German car manufacturer BMW bought British car company ROVER first of all to get its set of desirable trademarks, including LAND ROVER, RANGE ROVER, TRIUMPH, AUSTIN, MGB, etc.From the other side, trademark can be almost useless, in case it is associated with bad quality. I think that we shouldnt copy intellectual property, as far as the idea is also a kind of property and brings profit to its owner. In case a individual copies intellectual property, he acts as unfair competitor and causes losses to the owner of intellectual property.Works Cited 1. Intellectual Proper ty Website, Why care about intellectual property rights? October 30, 2004 online http//www. brint. com/IntellP. htm.

Labor markets Essay Example for Free

Labor markets EssayLow wages in developing countries has prompted textile-manufacturers to migrate their operations from high wage countries. game wage countries who are also often more developed have also benefited by better harvest-tide charges and the development of their job markets to become alter and technical. However, this has also severely reduced the number of jobs available particularly for skilled labor markets. Palley (2006) reflects that an amplification of such a scenario results in high wage markets to slip buying power and labor surplus will shift power from workers to the extent of overwhelm workers welfare. Another issue that has gained concern is the issue of labor exploitation. Seyoum (2007) believes that in the rush to establish transnational operations by companies in low wage developing countries and the eagerness of the se countries for businesses to boost the economy, the issue of welfare, working conditions and labor issues was not fully addressed . The inclusion of labor regulations in international trade agreements can address the issues effectively but there are significant challenges in enforcing and monitoring work standards within and across trade agreements.The liberalization of trade has allowed for greater opportunities in importing and exporting. It has increased product options, supply and distribution take as well as skills that can be utilized to create and market products. However, this has also created greater challenges for retailers since more products are available creating the possibility of price wars and shifting power to buyers. Therefore, retail marketers have to devote greater effort in establishing product differentiation and loyalty.Despite the gravity of the issue, Palley (2006) points out that the general popular has no significant opinion regarding where their clothes are manufactured that influences their buying habits. However, this does not mean that they have no awareness of the issues that involve transnational manufacturing, importing, exporting and labor issues. A survey of opinions suggested that a significant number of people have concerns about the impact to labor markets rather on the clothing product itself price remains to a primary motivation.Many suggest that existing trends and issues are part of the adjustments necessary in establishing globalization.ReferencesSeyoum, Belay (2007). Trade liberalization and patterns of strategical adjustment in the US textiles and clothing industry. International Business Review, Volume 16, Issue 1, February. pp 109-135 Palley, Thomas I. (2006). Thinking Outside the Box about Trade, Development, and Poverty Reduction. economic science For Democratic And Open Societies, Project, Policy Paper 1. Washington DC Economics for Democratic and Open Societies Project.

Engaging With Vulnerable People In Mental Health Social Work Essay

Engaging With Vulnerable People In Mental Health Social Work EssayIn this raise I am going to write about vulnerable fully growns, how I could demonstrate professional values and how I could empower vulnerable population demonstrating regard and maintaining dignity. I go a c wearing demonstrate an reason of legislation and policy guidance, noting the strengths and weaknesses in accordance to NMC code of conduct. I will also briefly give the taradiddle of abuse, bringing in various Department of Health documents as clarification to demonstrate the shoot for current legislation regarding the protection of vulnerable adults. I will discuss how the ability to indorse my chosen case correction and vexers is seen as the key skill of the nurse, which requires a non judgmental approach which is essential to working in an anti oppressive practice. Definitions of vulnerability and anti discrimination will also be included as it is a comparison of NMC code of conduct.Vulnerable plu rality every are very sensitive to the need of their independence and they can be vulnerable very easily for instance if they are in distract. So nurse should always understand how the impact of loos, change or grieving processes can affect the individual. I have chosen adult case study two which is Mamoun. He is vulnerable because, he has had an operation and he is in a lot of pain. Mamoun doesnt talk about the pain or ask for anodyne but if offered, he will take them.VULNERABLITY Vulnerability is people when support is indispensable to enable or promote independent living and safe and agile participation in the Community. To a certain extent some people or groups may be vulnerable because they perceive they are vulnerable e.g. if they conceptualize they live in a high crime area when that is only a perception and not a fact. Iliffe.s et al (1998). Social exclusion is a process in which accessible, economic and cultural factors can combine to exclude individuals, groups a nd communities from participating in society and gaining access to economic, cultural and social resources. When combined, they create an vivid form of exclusion in particular neighbourhoods. Having identified those groups who might be vulnerable the next stage is to decide the best means of helping them. The rating Panel believes the primary aim should be to give vulnerable people as much control over their lives as possible to mitigate the slew that piddle them vulnerable. Parker.J. (2006)A vulnerable adult is both person aged 18 or over who is or may be in need of community care services because of disability, age or illness, and who is or may be unable to take care of themselves, or is unable to protect themselves from of import harm or abuse. Vulnerable adults could include older people, people with a visual or hearing impairment, physical disability, eruditeness disabilities or mental wellness problem, and people living with illness. Vulnerability can also be described as unprotected, unguarded, open to attack, helpless and weak Oxford. (2002). in another way if anyone walks at night in dangerous area we all tend to be vulnerable or able to be hurt.Mamoun is a sixty two historic period old Muslim man who is based on in so much pain after his operation and he is vulnerable because he is uncaring from his religious or cultural activities. He may have nobody to talk to or no family to visit him as well as manner of speaking and culture problem. Mamoun may experience from a very limited health care service or he may not happy the way he treated which can make him to a greater extent vulnerable. So even though he doesnt answer questions politely and never ask for PRN pain relief, it is the responsibility of nurses to give full attention and see his reaction of his pain. When I am on my duty, I must make sure that he is in a trade good condition by checking him all the time. If he is in pain, it shows when olfactory propertying at him so it is impo ssible to wait for him to ask for pain relief. Mamoun may has no idea about medicines and he is unable to talk it may be lack of communication skills or terminology problem. Having said that I could look in different way for example, get interpreter, being nice, friendly, kind, understand his pain and make sure that he trusts me.According to NMC cod of conduct the following professional values will inform and guide all work with vulnerable adults Treat people as individual avoid discriminatory in any way against the patients, treat kindly and act as an advocate NMC (2008). Work effectively with a team able to be flexible within teams, regard and support each other. Privacy the right of individuals to be left alone or undisturbed, and free from intrusion or public attention into their affairs. Dignity all people will be treated with respect. Each individuals unique characteristics and intrinsic value will be recognised. Independence the right to act and hypothecate without c haracter reference to another person. Choice the probability to make both small and more significant life choices, with assistance as appropriate to understand context and options the chance to make choices in the individuals own interest, exercising the choice to take risks Laverack.G. (2005). . Rights the maintenance of all entitlements associated with citizenship, including full participation in the life of the community Iliffe.s et al (1998). debauch against vulnerable adults has been noted since the 1960s, although certain types of abuse would have taken place before then, society has changed and what is bankable now is certainly different to what was acceptable behind then. People became quite vocal in the 60s, more open minded and speech and opinions flowing freely an example of this would be the topic of sex and drugs. Iliffe.s et al (1998). annoyance is a violation of an individuals human and civil rights by another person. It may consist of a single act or repeated acts. It may be planned or unplanned. It may be the result of deliberate intent, negligence or ignorance. It may happen when a vulnerable adult is persuaded to enter into a transaction to which they have not consented or cannot consent.Abuse besed on many forms some of them that more comenly knowen are include Physical Abuse for example, hitting, pushing, and frisson over medicating or otherwise causing physical harm. Sexual Abuse for example unwanted touching, kissing or sexual activity. Or where the vulnerable adult cannot or does not give their consent it mayt be. Psychological / Emotional Abuse including verbal abuse, humiliation bullying or the use of threats Iliffe.s et al (1998). Financial Abuse the illegal or improper use of a persons money, property, pension book, bank account or other belongings. Neglect the repeated deprivation of help or care that a vulnerable adult needs which, if withdrawn, will cause him or her to suffer. Institutional Abuse abuse, neglect, wit hdrawal of rights or continually poor care in a care home setting. Discriminatory Abuse Including racist or sexist abuse, and abuse based on a persons disability, and other forms of harassment, slurs or similar treatment.Abuse can take place in their own home, by familly or any other visitor, or in someone elses home, by a relative, friend or neighbou, in a residential or nursing home, by a paid or volunteer carer, in a day centre, adult education centre or other establishment, by an occasional visitor or service provider, in a hospital or GP surgery, mayt happen by a professional worker.ANTI-DISCRIMINATERY Anti-discrimination practice is a positive action to avoid discrimination. It is abut being presenting positive image of people equal opportunities policy in all aspect programs that take place and also challenging any discriminatory or oppressive language and conduct Parker.J. (2006). There are different tyeps of discrimination, such as more commonly known, racism, disablism a nd ageism. One of the things we do when meeting people is to make assumptions about them which can make them more cnfortable. Discriminatory language often betrays assumptions that have not been based on accurate knowledge or on cultural stereotypes. Often it emphasises the transcendence of the speaker or the groups that she/he represents. This need not be conscious for it to be offensive and exasperating. Non-discriminatory language promotes exclusivity by the deliberate attempt to ensure that the language used promotes the equality of all people Parker.J. (2006).The role of training is always to ensure that the maximum number of people possible have access to the cultivation they need. Particular intention must be given to avoiding the use of technical language and jargon. Workers have an obligation to ensure that everyone who can benefit from their service has an opportunity to access it, and whilst they are using it, to be treated in a way that accords their need for decency a nd self- respect Laverack.G. (2005). As a trainer to model good practice, I have to be serious about my responsibility to ensure that the patients have an opportunity to participate in the event and achieve their maximum learning potential. I also need to have good practice how to speak in appropriated language and behaviour. It is very important to make an action plan for acceptable language and behaviour as a professional. All trainers must avoid using language or behaviour that is in any way discriminatory.Mamoun may be increased risk due to the unaware of his rights, socially isolated, not know how to complain and has communication difficulties. He may also has difficulty understanding certain decisions or transactions and may have limited life experience and find it difficult to anticipate. In this case, there are different kinds of things to think about such as development of social networks keeping in contact with family, friends, and neighbours as he is isolated. I will en courage him to access to social groups which may help him to make friends. Access to support groups I will get interpreter for him if he has language problem. Support and advice, I will support him in caring for him and I will advice him to tell as his problem in order to improve and maintain his health. Assessment of needs, as I acknowledgement on the above for client who is unable to talk I will assess by psychologically understanding for example, watching the patient if any behaviour or act change think about his food and asking of his needs.REFLECTING From this essay, I have learnt a value of social work for instance philosophic and academic thinking in order to assess clients needs and circumstances. I have also learnt the role of NMC code of conduct and I have real skills and professional knowledge to work effectively with vulnerable people. The NMC code of conduct helped me to understand how the laws and policies were applied to these such good example cases. Adult Case airfield 2 was a unique case for me as although the service user did not have any mental health needs he required help with foll servisce. This essay teaches me the aspect of nursing I can reflect on, the use of the word experience in nursing, how self awareness is central to verbal expression and how the development of other skills will aid reflection.In the future I believe that I will be able to demonstrate and work close with both service users to support them, by assessing their needs, reviewing risks, policies and procedures that apply to them. This essay will help me make my work clear to service user and also more open to review so I can improve my practice in the future.

Explanation of Human Resource Planning in the workplace

Ex political platformation of Human alternative readying in the workplaceThese reasons affirm made Human Resource Planning to become a major objective in faces.The bidding of Human Resource Planning include analysis of level of skill in the governance (skill inventory) analysis of current and expected va rear endcies due to retirement, discharges, transfers, prootions sick leaves, leaves of absence or other reasons and analysis of current and expected expansions as pointed out byThis also indicates that plan has to be made internally by the Human Resources for train and discipline of present employee, for advertising byplay opening recruiting and hiring in the raw people.A good Human Resource Planning must respond appropriately to the rapid changing in the society and must go beyond vaticination to all aspect of Personnel Management.Human preference or workforce supplying is of great important in the general development and growth of organizations. so personnel and Hum an alternatives experts, managers and practitioners have now made it known to management that adequate attention be given to it with a view to ensuring better consumption of other resources especially capital. Organisations have also realized that with increasing competition and complexity in origin, more time should be devoted to effective kind-hearted race resources proviso to achieve desired goals. Furthermore organisations have known that not only is the overall cost of gentle resources high , that homosexual element is complex, atypical and sometimes difficult to develop or change unlike capital that is relatively easier to acquire, manager or control.DefinitionHuman Resources Planning is defined as the process of assessing an organizations human resources needs in the light of organizational goals and changing condition and making plans to ensure that a competent, stable workforce is employed. The actual planning process will vary a great deal from organization to org anizationAccording to Walker, effective human resources planning is a process of analyzing an organization human resources needs under changing condition and development of the activities necessary to satisfy those needs.Walker sees human resources planning as two step processes, planning as they pertain to all aspects of personnel management. This will include for example planning with respect to desired organizational climate and development of supply proceeds and appraisal system appropriate to short range and long range organizational goals. This implies that help must be proactive and as well as reactive.Pattern states that Human Resource Planning is the process by which a firm ensures that it has the right number of people and the right kind of people in the right place at the right time doing things for which they economically most lend oneselfful.Fayana (2002) emphasized that human resource planning deals with the systematic and continuing process of analyzing a firms hum an resources needs under mutating conditions and developing workforce policies qualified to the long-term effectiveness of the organization. It is a vital part of corporate planning and budgeting procedure since human resources costs and forecasting both effect and be affected by long-term corporate plans.Characteristics Dynamic Activity custody planning is a regular or never ending process because the demand and supply of manpower ar subjectto frequent change. It is dynamic activity.Development of Policies It resultsin the development of policies, programmes and procedures for the acquisition, development, preservation and utilization of the organizations human assets.Inventory of Human It includes the inventory of present human in the organization. The manager should know the persons, who will be available to him, for undertaking higher responsibilities in the some futurity.Objectives Human resources in object should be most important aspect for the orabisation. Without object organization or company do not run and do not achieve target, mart or goal.Objectives Economic Development At the national level, manpower planning is essential for economic development. It is particularly helpful in the generation of affair in educational reforms and in geographical mobility of talent.Helps fill the gap Manpower planning identifies the gaps in existing manpower so that suitable training programmes may be developed for building specific skills, required in future.Promoting New Employees The database available provides a comprehensive skill repertoire, which facilties for decision making as to the promotional opportunities to be made available for the organization.Forcasting on future Human requirement must be important an effective for any organization of department. Without human resource organization do not run and other factor are useless.Focus of Human Resource PlanningAccording to Bramham, Torrington and Hall, the process of matching future organiz ational requirement with the supply of properly qualified, committed and experience staff in the right place at the right time. These staff can be drawn from both the internal and external labour marketThis requires a focus on the followingAn assessment of future crop market trends and requirement.A specification of the sheath and numbers of staff required to satisfy these product market trends and requirement.An estimate of the type and number of staff likely to be employed by the organization in five years.A specification of the number/type of staff to be recruited or made redundant.A development plan for restraining and re-focusing existing staff and, if appropriate, for recruiting additional staff from the external analysis.A re-examination of broader business concern strategies in the light of this analysis.Need of Manpower PlanningManpower Planning is a two-phased process because manpower planning not only analyses the current human resources but also makes manpower foreca sts and thereby draw utilisation programmes. Manpower Planning is good to firm in following mannerShortages and surpluses can be identified so that quick action can be taken wherever required.All the recruitment and selection programmes are based on manpower planning.It also helps to reduce the labour cost as tautological staff can be identified and thereby overstaffing can be avoided.It also helps to identify the available talents in a concern and fitly training programmes can be chalked out to develop those talents.It helps in growth and diversification of business. Through manpower planning, human resources can be readily available and they can be utilized in best manner.It helps the organization to realize the importance of manpower management which ultimately helps in the stability of a concern.Human Resources Planning ProcessThe stating point of human resource planning process (HRPP) is the determination of corporate or organizational goals. This will now help us to have a clear vision of the future aspiration of the organization and plan towards the realization of its objects.Identify the direction the organistion wants to take to achieve those goals e.g through the introduction of new technology, a new project of by diversification. This will then be translated into human elements needed for the actualization of the set objectives.Take inventory of current manpower position to determine future needs.Information such as educational qualification, skills , experience, type of job, sex, age and geographical location should be considered in planning manpower needs. In other words, we have to take stock of our current manpower to enable us forecast what we need in future. This involves job analysis, job description and job specificationA manpower audit is equally important This will show the actual number of employees on the establishment which will form the introduction of operations. For instance, if there is manpower deficiency, the organization cou ld correct the situation through its personnel/administrative programmes. This could be achieved through the following means.RecruitmentTraining and staff developmentPromotion and transfer etcThe purpose, then, for establishing a human strategic plan is toDecide where your department is going over the next three to five years testify an action plan (tactics) to get where you want to goHelp your staff focus on the truly important activitiesDefine the resources youll need to accomplish your objectives defecate a plan to acquire necessary resourcesAdvantages There are many advantages of human resource in an organization some of them includeHuman resource helps in employee managementThere are many advantages that human resource provides in an organization but the foremost advantage of human resource in an organization is the assistance it provides in Recruiting staff and in training employee. The human resource department is mostly responsible to develop the systematic plan according to which they hire the staff and help to build a professional work team.There are series of strategies that the human resource system implements in employment appointing which includesAllocated training sessions for employeesDevelop test plans for employeeTo manage and analyze employee interviewsTo create internship opportunitiesHuman resource provides consultancyThere are many issues that the employee or work-team of an organization faces. The advantage of human resource is that its a medium which provide all the consulting that a employee needs and also answer general queries. Human resource is very effective in an organization to settle down any managerial dispute or employee problem in a professional and proficient manner.Building business plan On more advantage of human resource is that these departments actively participate in business and marketing decision. The human resource system comprises of highly give professionals who have the ability to devise new plan and implement m arketing strategies that would bring more business and capital to the organization.Forethought of business Human resource also deals with the long-term management of the business. This department evaluates the future scope of the business and devises strategies which would be profitable to the organization in the longer run and bring in stability to the business and provide it an established medium to stand on in the future.Building public relations Human resource also helps the business and commerce to make public relations and built a proper referral system. It is very necessary that the business develops an association with other businesses in the market so it could propel its earning through collaboration with other business sectors. The human resource department arranges seminars, business meetings and official gathering for the company so that it gets acquainted with the market and other businesses.These advantages therefore clearly illustrate how important the human resource is for an organization. Whether the business is small or its a big budget industry, building and maintaining a high profile human resource system is very necessary if the business wants to avoid disputes and problems in the longer run. The human resource can be deployed in a small organization at a low scale by hiring minimal staff and growing it gradually as the business progress.Disadvantages More Time ConsumingFuture UncertainityCoordination with other managerial functionManagement Information SystemResistance from employeesIt is depend on company future activity and current activity. Future is uncertain then manager have a problem to make a best alternative.Summary Delphi system involves the use of large number of experts and managers who are required to present their own idea of future manpower or human resources requirement for a particular time. They are expected to fill questionnaires on human resources needs in each unit, section or department within the organization. These statements and assumptions are passed anonymously to others by an intermediary. These inputs are reviewed and analyzed by different experts and managers until a final forecast paper on human resources needs qualification, skill, experience etc, is acceptable by the experts/managers. It is the belief that inputs and lit crit of experts before a consensus forecasts was accepted would make it more accurate for implementation in the organization. This system has been shown to produce better one year forecast than the linear regression analysis. It is m mostly used to generate predictions. It is however criticized because of the problem of synchronizing or integrating the opinions of experts.Nominal grouping technique This is another type of expert forecast. With this system, managers/experts are brought together to discuss for about 10-20 minutes. Their views ,ideas or criticisms are listed on a sheet of paper before a consensus is reached. This system is advantageous in that exper ts are brought together to discuss unlike the Delphi technique. It is also use to identify orgnaisation problems and proffer solutions to them.This system is similar to managerial judgment forecasting method used in small organizations that are not rich enough to have data banks for their human resources information and job analysis

Impacts of Terrorism on Sporting Events

Impacts of frightism on variationing EventsExamining the Impacts of Terrorism on Sporting Events Focusing on the FIFA beingness Cup.Terrorism is now, more than ever, a prevalent subject at heart media discourse. The impact of threats of act of terrorism, be they perceived or realised, is one that should not be underestimated. succession the threat of terror attacks is one that we tick off on a regular basis, the fact that large scale events such as the FIFA World Cup fix thousands of spectators to one confined area (i.e. a football stadium, and the location surrounding the stadium) means that terror attacks and the threat thereof should be addressed as variance of the encounter assessment for the event.The events industry, centreing fall aparticularly on sports touristry, have been affected by the global concern surrounding terrorism. Hinch and Higham (2001) recognise that sport in general, be that on a local or a global level, has a wide influence on the occurs of to urists that are attracted to a particular area. Sport is a massive, multi-billion-pound industry, and the tourism that it encompasses coerces a significant contribution to the revenue it creates.There are anumber of facets to sport tourism that make it what it is. There are three prominentmarkers of this particular aspect of tourism, which include outdoor sports,fitness activities, and major events (Hall, 1992). If we consider one of thosecriteria major events then this study will focus on the FIFA World Cup, andwill explore how the World Cup has been affected by terrorism.Since the 2001terror attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Centre, major events havebeen beam affected by the threat of terror attacks. Sports tourists nolonger feel as safe as they did travelling to destinations for major sportingevents, as the risk of attack is perceived as being much greater. These fearsare exacerbated by the fact that tourists are in enclosed spaces for theduration of the sporting e vent, with means of fly the coop being difficult tonavigate and police in large crowds.Since the late1900s sports tourism has seen a surge in popularity unrivalled by opposite largescale events (Standeven and DeKnopp, 1999). Sport tourists are known to spend asignificant amount of their income on travelling to destinations in order towatch their best-loved team or sportsperson perform. We can define sportstourism as sport-based travel away from the home environment for a limitedtime, where sport is characterised by uncommon rule sets, competition related tophysical prowess, and a playful nature (Hinch and Higham, 2001, p.56). Thiscan be directly attributed to the FIFA World Cup, as teams of players will takepart in a match with defined rules, are athletic by their very nature, and ifwe break football down to a basic level, the players are contend a game.So, as discussedone of the criteria that makes up sports tourism is major events. This titlecan be attributed to the likes of the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics. We cansee how the act of position on such a large-scale event has benefits for boththe fans of the particular sport in question (in this instance the FIFA WorldCup) and in like manner the country in which the event is to be based. The fans areafforded the opportunity to witness their favourite sports team in action,while the revenue produced through their tourism contributes greatly to thearea in which the event is to take place. During the FIFA World Cup that tookplace in sulfur Korea in 2002, the then-president of South Korea is quoted asstating that the event was a chance for us to make the country prosperdiplomatically, economically and culturally, in sectors like tourism andscience (McCormack, 2002, p.39), us in this instance being South Korea.As there is asignificant return made when compared to the actual investment coin involved in theplanning, launching, and running of such an event, many destinations who areable to host events such as the FIFA World Cup vie for the opportunity to doso, as they are all too aware of the benefits they will be rewarded with inexchange for their investment (Kelly, 2000). Although we haveseen significant growth in terms of sports-related tourism (which may be due tothe advancement of travel networks, and the ability to now travel to events fora smaller financial outlay), the notion of sports tourism is still a fairly newconstruct. With this in mind, consideration by organisers must be made towardshow terrorism can have negative effects on sports tourism. Sport is a globalphenomenon, which means that global incidents, such as acts of terrorism, havea direct effect on the industry.Terrorism is adifficult term to describe. In fact, the US Department of State (2001) hasargued that there is no universally accepted comment of what terrorismactually is. There are a significantnumber of variables that can affect how people perceive an act of terrorism,and indeed whether they actually see a n act as one of terrorism at all. Ganor(2001) argues that in order for terrorism to be fought back against, then aspecific definition should be in place that sets out exactly what an act ofaggression (or otherwise) should constitute in order for it to be labelled asterrorism. This inability to insure on what constitutes terrorism has led toseveral difficulties. Governments are unable to create laws around terrorismbecause they cant agree on what terrorism is (Whitaker, 2001), and alsoopposing terrorism, in certain circumstances, could be construed as an act ofterrorism in of itself.Freedman (2002)attempts to remedy the situation of disagreement regarding what is and isntterrorism by stating what those attempting to define it do agree on. These factors includeTerrorism is carried out in a purposeful manner(i.e. specific targeting).Terrorism is inclusive of acts of violence,which vary in their extremity.Terrorism has more or less form of political motivation.Victims of terror are no t pre-selected (i.e.victims of suicide bombers for example)The act of terror is intended to affect people,bodies or movements outside of the direct victims of the attack (i.e. obsessionof a government to act in a certain way as a result of the attack).Most of thediscourse surrounding violence within the sporting industry has been directedtowards the violent conduct of spectators of a specific sport. Football fans inparticular have found themselves the subject of much hypothesis regarding the causesof sports violence, and this has been the case since the 1960s and 70s.There has,however, been an underwhelming degree of investigation into the effect ofterrorism on sports tourism (Atkinson et al, 2000, p.54). Wedermeyer (1999,p.218) supports this assertion in stating that specialist literature on the birth between sport and terrorism is rare. This is in contradiction tothe fact that major sporting events are in no way insusceptible to terroristattacks, a point which is highlighted by the fact that in December 2016, aseries of car bombs was detonated outside the stadium of Turkish football team,Besiktas, injuring many in the process, the absolute majority of whom were completelyinnocent civilians.Atkinson andYoung (2000, p.54) further their point by saying that although, on the face ofit, sports may not seem to be linked to acts perpetrated by terroristorganisations, there is no escaping the fact that major events in the sportingworld may frame the target for terrorist attack. These acts of terrorism maynot only be directed towards the spectators at a major sporting event, but alsothose who partake in the events themselves (i.e. the athletes), or even thelarge corporations who have put funds towards sponsorship of the event. Theyare, in essence, saying that everyone associated with the event is a potentialtarget for terrorism. If we consider the FIFA World Cup, then this is quiteobvious a major event, with a huge amount of prestige attached to it. As aresult, i t makes sense that we can consider the FIFA World Cup, in the contemporaryclimate in particular, to be at risk of a terrorist attack.We have seenhistorical instances of major sporting events attracting the attention ofterrorist groups. Perhaps one that will be forever remembered is the 1972Olympic Games, which took place in Munich. A militant terrorist organisationknown as Black September stormed the grounds of the Olympic residentsaccommodation and attacked the Israeli teams hospitality area. In doing so,they murdered one Israeli sports coach in cold blood, and took ten hostages.The attempts to save the hostages failed tremendously, and they all died as aresult of the failed attempt, as did a number of the Palestinian terroristsinvolved in the coup, and several police officials.More recently,during the Olympic games which took place in Atlanta in 2002, severalindividuals died either as a direct result, or indirect result, of a concealedbomb which was hidden in a backpack in the spe ctator area of the stadium. Manywere wound in the attack, while one of the spectators died as a result of theblast.We have seen howWorld Cup Football has contributed to violence in the past, and sometimes on aserious and larger scale than mere hooliganism. In 1969, two countries,Honduras and El Salvador, ended up declaring war on one another after they came head-to-head in a pre-tourney qualifying match. Because friction between thetwo countries was already high, this translated directly to the football field,and as a result the spectators clashed violently with eachother. This escalatedand the two countries entered into a war in July of that year.Whilst this maynot be seen as a direct act of terrorism, it does serve to illustrate how violenceis present in World Cup football, or any kind of football for that matter.However, this kind of violence can be seen as politically motivated. Two crystalise sets of fans are brought together, from separate countries, betweenwhich tensions may be running high. The emotion of the event, and thepatriotism felt for each sets of fans own countries, by the fans themselves,could potentially lead to an act of terrorism victorious place.As mentionedearlier, sport is a truly global phenomenon. So, it goes without saying thatglobalisation will have an effect on sports related-violence. We have seen howglobal travel has become much more accessible to those who previously wereunable to make journeys to far-away destinations due to the financialimplications of doing so. However, we briefly touched upon how footballhooliganism has been an issue in sports events since the 70s. nickel-and-dime(prenominal)holiday deals, and even travel deals tailored specifically towards the sportstourist, have been prolific for the past 30 years, and so it makes sense tomake the link between sports tourism and sports violence.Working classmales have been given access to the deals mentioned above, which means thatthey can travel to destinations for a c omparatively nominal fee. It shouldntbe viewed as whole coincidental that where these travel opportunities aremade available, and are combined with cheap alcohol, that sports violence(particularly hooliganism, which is often associated with working class males)would increase and become more of a threat in the time leading up to a majorsporting event. Taylor (2002, p.27) supports this assertion. He states thatFor many (especially) working class young men, it was football that startinitiated them into foreign travel.To return toWorld Cup Football and acts of terrorism, we saw that there was a great deal ofconcern surrounding the safety of spectators and participants of the 2002 SouthKorean FIFA World Cup. As stated earlier, this was as a direct result of theatrocities that took place during the 9/11 terror attacks in America.Nevertheless, all the governance involved decided that this major event shouldgo ahead unhindered. This may well have simply been down to the fact that thereve nue generated by the tournament would have been undeniably beneficial toSouth Korea. Indeed, as quoted earlier, the South Korean President, KimDae-Jung, stated himself exactly how beneficial it would be for their country,bringing in hundreds of thousands of tourists from across the globe.BibliographyAtkinson,Michael and Young, Kevin. 2002. Terror Games Media treatment of securityissues at the 2002 Winter Olympic Games. Olympika the International Journal ofOlympic Studies 9 53-78.Ganor, Boaz.2001. Terrorism No Prohibition Without Definition.7 October.http//www.ict.org.il/articles/articledet.cfm?articleid=393. 14 April 2003.Hall, C.Michael. 1992 Hallmark Events The Impacts, Management, and readiness of EventTourism, Belhaven Press New York.Hinch, Tom andHigham, James. 2001. Sport Tourism A Framework for Research. The InternationalJournal of Tourism Research. 3(1) 45-58.Kelly, J. 2000.Looking to sports for development dollars. American metropolis & Country.115(14) 20.McCormack,Gavan. 2002. Things more important than football? Japan, Korea and the 2002World Cup. In Japan, Korea and the 2002 World Cup eds John Horne, J. andWolfram Manzenreiter. pp 29-42. London Routledge.Standeven, Joyand DeKnop, Paul. 1999. Sport Tourism, Human dynamics Champaign, Illinois.Taylor, Rogan.2002. World Cup fans hooligans or tourists. In Proceedings of the KoreanAcademic Society of Tourism Management International Conference for the Successof the 2002 World Cup., pp. 22-35. Seoul. 18 January.United States,Dept. of State. 2001. Patterns of Global Terrorism. Washington Dept. of Statevi. http//www.history.navy.mil/library/guides/terrorism.htmdefinition. 14April 2003.Wedermeyer, B.1999. Sport and terrorism. In The international politics of sport in the 20thcentury eds. Jim Riodan and Arnd Krger. pp. 217- 231. New York Routledge.Whitaker, Brian.2001. The definition of terrorism. The Guardian. 7 May.http//www.guardian.co.uk/elsewhere/journalist/story/0,7792,487098,00.html

Selling and offering information on the internet brings with it a list :: Computer Science

Selling and offering education on the internet brings with it a list of legal and corporate issues.Legal and corporate issuesThe growth of e-commerce has enabled M&S to involve and expand theirbusiness from their stores to the world of internet. Marks and Spenceris increasingly using the internet for electronic commerce, sellinggoods to consumers and also offer a range of data about theavailable products and services. However selling and offering teaching on the internet brings with it a list of legal andcorporate issues. These issues ar designed in order to protect thecustomers from fraud of mis hire of personal data and also laws toconsider disabled consumers who may be using the internet site,therefore get out require special features. M&S corporate identity,including the corporate logo design and the company corporate identityand branding is the most important information that this company canconvey to its customers, therefore specific consideration are designedin regard of p rotecting the companies identity.Legal Issues entropy protection considerationsThe Data Protection Act lays puts down a serious of rules that M&S essential obey under their co-operation.Therefore as a successful trader any personal data that the companycollects from its customers, such as name, address and billinginformation such as credit card details must be protected from fraud.Therefore M&S must deal fairly with the info they receive fromconsumers and tell the customer what data the have collected, uponthat they must tell them what you are going to do with thatinformation, and consult with the customers before taking any actions.For instance they must ask for permission before sharing theinformation with a third party, therefore the most important point toconsider is to Keep the data collected safe and secure.Website terms and conditions----------------------------The terms and condition are important and must be informed to theconsumer before making a transaction. Different c ompanies havedifferent terms and condition therefore M&S must make sure they makeit clear for their consumers the terms an condition of making thistransaction. These terms and condition inform the customers of theData protection act considerations, which is designed in interest ofthe consumers comfort in the transaction, reassuring them that thedetails they provide is kept safe. M&S must include these terms andcondition to check their customers that using their e-commerce willbe safe and secure. M&S must also include a clear privacy policyexplaining how they will use the information collected on the site. Itis also crucial to contain a clear conditions of sale which includesdetails of when the contract is actually formed (E.g. the order